Abstracts
Abstract
Hairstyles have always been important to Black Africans and their descendants and are important in expressing identity. The transatlantic slave trade made it difficult to maintain these hairstyles, mostly due to separation from familial and other ties. Since Black phenotypes were viewed as inferior, Black hair and styles were seen as ugly and unacceptable. The American Civil Rights Movement (ACRM) ushered in a resurgence in ‘natural’ hairstyles, supporting a collective identity and a counterhegemonic movement. However, the success of this movement did not propel Black hairstyles on to the same plane as those that maintained the imperial aesthetic of the white ideal. The constant diminution of the Black identity through the disparagement of Black hairstyles has been used as a synonym for racism and can lead to psychological distress and mental instability. Although Black people have resided in Canada and Quebec since the 17th century, there is very little in Canadian academic literature addressing these issues. This theoretical paper presents a discourse on the importance of hair to the identity of Black people and will add to the limited literature by providing Canadian and Québécois institutions with a greater appreciation of the prominence of Black hair and hairstyles to the identity and well-being of Black people.
Keywords:
- Black hairstyles,
- imperial aesthetic,
- mental health,
- Quebec,
- Canada
Résumé
Les coiffures ont toujours été importantes pour les Africains noirs et leurs descendants et sont des facteurs importants d’expression de l’identité. La traite transatlantique des esclaves a rendu difficile le maintien de ces coiffures, principalement en raison de la séparation des liens familiaux et autres. Étant donné que les phénotypes noirs étaient considérés comme inférieurs, les cheveux et les styles noirs étaient jugés laids et inacceptables. L’American Civil Rights Movement (ACRM) a inauguré une résurgence de coiffures « naturelles » soutenant une identité collective et un mouvement contre-hégémonique. Cependant, le succès de ce mouvement n’a pas propulsé les coiffures noires sur le même plan que celles qui maintenaient l’esthétique impériale de l’idéal blanc. La diminution constante de l’identité noire par le dénigrement des coiffures noires a été utilisée comme synonyme de racisme et peut entraîner une détresse psychologique et une instabilité mentale. Bien que les Noirs résident au Canada et au Québec depuis le XVIIe siècle, ces questions sont très peu traitées dans la littérature universitaire canadienne. Cet article théorique présente un discours sur l’importance des cheveux pour l’identité des Noirs et offre aux institutions canadiennes et québécoises une meilleure appréciation de l’importance des cheveux noirs et des coiffures pour l’identité et le bien-être des Noirs.
Mots-clés :
- coiffures noires,
- esthétique impériale,
- santé mentale,
- Québec,
- Canada
Appendices
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