Résumés
Résumé
Cet article présente une discussion critique des mesures d’envergure et d’échelle utilisées pour évaluer la multi-nationalité. Il existe deux manières de mesurer la multi-nationalité (parfois appelée la diversification internationale) des entreprises. Une revue de la littérature portant sur l’utilisation des deux types de mesures est proposée et ensuite les deux mesures sont appliquées pour tester la nature régionale des activités internationales. Les résultats montrent que la méthode appropriée consiste à utiliser les mesures d’échelle qui captent le degré de multi-nationalité, comme la part des ventes réalisées à l’étranger. Cet article apporte une vérification empirique que les mesures d’envergure, qui comptabilisent le nombre de pays où l’entreprise a une filiale, ne sont pas satisfaisantes. L’article fournit une nouvelle mesure d’échelle des activités intra-régionales des grandes entreprises américaines.
Mots-clés :
- mesure d’envergure,
- part des ventes réalisées à l’étranger,
- multi-nationalité,
- diversification internationale,
- ventes régionales
Abstract
This paper provides a critical discussion of the scope and correct scale metrics used in the measurement of multinationality. There are two ways of measuring the degree of multinationality (sometimes called the international diversification) of firms. The literature is reviewed using both types of metric and then both of them are applied to tests of the regional nature of international business. It is found that the correct method is to use a scale metric which captures the degree of multinationality, such as the ratio of foreign to total sales. This paper provides empirical evidence that the scope metric, which counts the number of countries in which a firm has a foreign subsidiary, is unsatisfactory. This paper provides a new scale metric of the intra-regional activities of large US firms.
Keywords:
- scope metric,
- foreign to total sales,
- multinationality,
- international diversification,
- regional sales
Resumen
Este artículo presenta un análisis crítico de las medidas de alcance y escala, utilizadas para medir la multinacionalidad. Existen dos maneras de medir la multinacionalidad (a veces llamada la diversificación internacional) de las empresas. Se propone una revisión de los escritos sobre el uso de ambos tipos de medidas y las dos medidas se aplican para poner a prueba el carácter regional de las actividades internacionales. Los resultados muestran que el método apropiado consiste en utilizar medidas de escala que capten el grado de multinacionalidad, como la parte de las ventas realizadas en el extranjero. Este artículo demuestra de forma empírica que las medidas de alcance que contabilizan el número de países en los que la empresa tiene una filial, no son satisfactorias. El artículo nos proporciona una nueva medida de escala de las actividades intra-regionales de las grandes empresas americanas.
Palabras clave:
- medida de alcance,
- volumen de las ventas realizadas en el extranjero,
- multinacionalidad,
- diversificación internacional,
- ventas regionales
Parties annexes
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