Abstracts
Résumé
Le système immunitaire adaptatif se rencontre exclusivement chez les vertébrés à mâchoire (les gnathostomes). Il pourrait trouver son origine dans le système immunitaire inné des invertébrés ou, de façon plus proche, des agnathes (vertébrés sans mâchoire). Cette transition, brutale, reste encore énigmatique et source de nombreuses spéculations. Parallèlement, le tissu lymphoïde associé au tube digestif, ou GALT (gut associated lymphoïd tissu), semble jouer un rôle essentiel dans le développement de cette réponse immune à mémoire. Les gnathostomes arborent ainsi des défenses innées ancestrales et adaptatives dont l’acquisition sera discutée dans cet article. Les conséquences de l’intégration dans le génome des gènes rag1 et rag2 (recombination activating genes) seront également débattues.
Summary
The adaptive immune system (AIS) appears exclusively at the vertebrate ones with jaw. In parallel, the lymphoid tissu associated with the digestive tract, or GALT (gut associated lymphoïd tissu), seems to play an essential part in the development of this response immune with memory. That one could find its origin in the innate immune system of the invertebrates and closer the cyclostomes (vertebrates without jaws). But the transition is brutal since the chondrychtyens (lines, sharks) do have the AIS but the cyclostomes not. Moreover, it is still enigmatic and source of speculations. The gnathostomes (vertebrate with jaw) raise ancestral and adaptive innate defences of which acquisition will be discussed here. We will also discuss the consequences of integration in the genome by rag1 and rag2 genes (recombination activating genes).
Appendices
Références
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