Abstracts
Résumé
L’ostéopontine, initialement identifiée à partir de l’os, par des méthodes biochimiques, dans les années 60-70, a d’emblée été caractérisée par ses modifications post-traductionnelles multiples induisant des poids moléculaires variables. Clonée en 1986, ses fonctions pléïotropiques ont été découvertes au cours des années 90 : au-delà d’un rôle structural dans l’os d’inhibiteur de la minéralisation, elle intervient de façon diffuse dans le corps, avec une implication essentielle dans diverses situations physiologiques et pathologiques : processus tumoraux malins, réponse à divers agents infectieux et, comme cela a été montré plus récemment, intervention dans différents phénomènes dysimmunitaires. Dans la sclérose en plaques, par exemple, elle agit au moins comme une molécule pro-inflammatoire et influence l’évolution de la maladie ; cette découverte ouvre de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques intéressantes dans la maladie.
Summary
Osteopontin (OPN) was initially isolated from bovine bone cortex, as a complex syalilated phospho-glyco-protein of around 60 kDa, with many postranslational modifications. It has been long considered a structural bone protein linking bone cells to the bone extracellular matrix (osteo : bone, pontin : bridge). It has been cloned for the first time in 1986. Since then, it was established that it is part of a protein family called SIBLINGs, which genes share common expression in bone and tooth, and encode among others a RGD motif. OPN is an intracellular as well as secreted protein, which binds to multiple organic or mineral ligands, like the integrin receptor αVβ3, CD44, factor H and hydroxyapatite, depending on its final configuration (phosphorylation state). Pleiotropic functions of osteopontin have been demonstrated, and the osteopontin knock out phenotype in mice gave some new insight on the implication of the molecule in vivo. Osteopontin inhibits mineralization in bone and urine. Besides, it is a strong chemoattractive and proinflammatory molecule, implicated in tumors, like breast or prostate cancers, and in the defense against various infectious agents like tuberculosis, listeria or herpes. More recently, its key implication in TH1 mediated autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been demonstrated. Osteopontin is a valuable therapeutic target in the animal model, and a biological tool correlating with clinical disease activity in humans. Structural, functional and pathological aspects of osteopontin are reviewed, as well as the osteopontin deficient phenotype in mouse.
Appendices
Références
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