Abstracts
Résumé
Bien qu’en Russie l’agriculture ait été privatisée il y a plus de dix ans, elle reste à implanter sur le plan individuel. Les obstacles économiques que doivent affronter les agriculteurs laissés pour compte sont, dans la plupart des cas, presque insurmontables. De plus, ceux qui tentent l’expérience de l’agriculture en entreprise privée et qui quittent l’exploitation collective doivent également être prêts à quitter symboliquement la communauté. En effet, bien que pour certains l’entreprise privée soit tentante et les perspectives du marché alléchantes, pour d’autres la discutable valeur morale de l’économie capitaliste ne s’est pas avérée suffisamment satisfaisante pour les inciter à abandonner l’exploitation collective telle qu’elle est maintenant réorganisée. Une économie dite émotionnelle, qui, avec les contraintes matérielles, guide les choix individuels dans les pratiques de subsistance, peut être élaborée comme une autre voie que les approches néoclassiques de la propriété privée. De nombreux habitants des zones rurales continuent à maintenir l’identité collective de leur travail agricole du fait qu’elle est étroitement liée avec les concepts socio-affectifs historiques de « travail », « vie » et « culture ». Fondé sur plus d’une année de recherches de terrain sur des fermes auparavant collectives, cet article étudie les conséquences complexes de la privatisation dans un village russe sur les plans émotionnel, économique et social.
Mots clés:
- Gambold,
- Russie,
- privatisation,
- émotions,
- économie,
- entreprenariat
Abstract
While the privatization of agriculture took place over a decade ago in Russia, individual farming has yet to take hold. The economic barriers for the lone farmer are almost insurmountable in most cases. In addition, those who attempt entrepreneurial farming and leave the collective must also be willing to symbolically leave the community. While entrepreneurial endeavors might be appealing to some, and the prospect of the market enticing, for others the questionable moral worth of the capitalist economy has yet to prove compelling enough to inspire abandoning the reorganized collective. The emotional economy, which along with material constraints navigates individuals’ choices in subsistence practices, is elaborated as an alternative to neoclassical approaches to private property. Many rural inhabitants continue to maintain the collective identity of their agricultural work because it is so tightly interwoven with historic socio-emotional concepts of « work », “life”, and « culture ». Based on over a year of fieldwork on a former collective farm, this paper examines the emotional, material and social complexities of privatization in a Russian village.
Key Words:
- Gambold,
- Russia,
- privatization,
- emotion,
- economy,
- entrepreneurship
Resumen
Aunque en Rusia la agricultura haya sido privatizada hace más de diez años, hay todavía que implantarla sobre el plano individual. Los obstáculos económicos que deben confrontar los agricultores marginados son, en la mayoría de los casos, prácticamente insalvables. Además, aquellos que experimentan la agricultura como empresa privada y que abandonan la explotación colectiva deben estar dispuestos a abandonar simbólicamente la comunidad. Efectivamente, aunque la empresa privada atrae a alguno y que las perspectivas del mercado los seduce, para otros el dudoso valor moral de la economía capitalista no parece suficiente como para incitarlos a abandonar la explotación colectiva tal y como ha sido reorganizada. Una economía denominada emotiva, que, con dificultades materiales, guía las opciones individuales en las prácticas de subsistencia, puede haberse elaborado como alternativa a los enfoques neoclásicos de la propiedad privada. Muchos habitantes de las zonas rurales conservan aun la identidad colectiva del trabajo agrícola que está íntimamente ligada a los conceptos socio-afectivos históricos de «trabajo» «vida» y «cultura». Basada en más de un año de investigación en el campo en granjas anteriormente colectivas, este artículo estudia las complejas consecuencias de la privatización en un pueblo ruso, en los planos emocional, económico y social.
Palabras clave:
- Gambold,
- Rusia,
- privatización,
- emociones,
- economía,
- empresariado
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