Résumés
Résumé
Nous avons calculé les flux élémentaires holocènes et le taux d’altération historique dans trois sols forestiers par la méthode du bilan de masse de Brimhall et al. (1991 a, b). Les sols (Hermine : HER ; Rouyn-1 : RN1 ; Rouyn-4 : RN4) se distinguent par leur matériel d’origine et leur niveau d’exposition aux dépôts atmosphériques de métaux traces. L’indice de changement volumétrique (ICV) calculé avec Zr est positif (expansion) dans RN1 et dans les horizons B de HER et est positivement corrélé à la concentration en C organique et en oxydes de Al et Fe. L’analyse des profils permet de dégager trois groupes d’éléments. Un premier groupe (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si) montre des concentrations qui diminuent de l’horizon C vers la surface du profil en réponse à l’intensification de l’altération des minéraux. Le second groupe (Al, Fe, P, Ti, Cr, Ni) présente des zones d’enrichissement dans les horizons B et des pertes dans le Ae. Ce patron mixte reflète l’effet combiné de la formation d’oxydes (Al, Fe, Ti) et de la rétention des éléments par ces oxydes (P, Cr, Ni). Le troisième groupe (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) affiche des flux fortement positifs dans les horizons de surface en réponse à la contamination atmosphérique des sols et à la bioconcentration des métaux traces. Les taux d’altération holocènes moyens des éléments majeurs correspondent très bien aux taux publiés pour une variété de sols forestiers de milieux comparables. Le classement des éléments en ordre de mobilité relative décroissante est : Mn > Mg > Ca > Na > K > P > Si > Al > Fe > Ti.
Abstract
We calculated elemental fluxes for the Holocene and historical weathering rates in three forested watersheds using the method proposed by Brimhall et al. (1991 a, b). The soils (Hermine : HER; Rouyn-1 : RN1; Rouyn-4 : RN4) were selected because they formed in contrasting parent materials and were exposed to different levels of trace metal deposition from the atmosphere. The strain value (ICV) calculated using Zr is positive (dilation) in RN1 and in the B horizons of HER. The strain is positively correlated to the organic C concentration and to Al and Fe oxide contents. The analysis of soil profiles further allows the identification of three element groups. A first group (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si) shows concentrations decreasing from the C horizon to the surface of the profile because of increasing mineral weathering. The second group (Al, Fe, P, Ti, Cr, Ni) is enriched in the B horizons while being depleted in the Ae. This mixed pattern reflects the combined effect of oxide formation (Al, Fe, Ti) and of elemental retention on these oxides (P, Cr, Ni). The third group (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) refers to elements presenting highly positive fluxes in the surface horizons in response to the atmospheric deposition and bioconcentration of trace metals. The mean weathering rates estimated for major elements are in agreement with rates published for a range of forested soils from similar environments. Classifying the elements in order of decreasing relative mobility gives: Mn > Mg > Ca > Na > K > P > Si > Al > Fe > Ti.
Resumen
Se calcularon los flujos de elementos del holoceno y el grado de alteración histórica en tres suelos forestales utilizando el método de balance de la masa de Brimhall y col. (1991 a, b). Los suelos (Hermine: HER; Rouyn-1: RN1; Rouyn-4: RH4) se distinguen por su material de origen y su nivel de exposición a depósitos atmosféricos de oligoelementos. El índice de cambio volumétrico (ICV) calculado usando Zr es positivo (en expansión) en RN1 y el los horizontes B de HER y esta positivamente relacionado con la concentración de C orgánico y de óxidos de Al y Fe. El análisis de los perfiles permite poner en evidencia tres grupos de elementos. El primer grupo (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si) muestra concentraciones que disminuyen en el horizonte C hacia la superficie del perfil en respuesta a la intensificación de la alteración de los minerales. El segundo grupo (Al, Fe, K, Ti, Cr, Ni) presenta zonas de enriquecimiento en los horizontes B y de empobrecimiento en los Ae. Este patrón mixto refleja el efecto combinado de la oxidación (Al, Fe, Ti) y de la retención de elementos por dichos óxidos (P, Cr, Ni). El tercer grupo (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) presenta un flujo fuertemente positivo en los horizontes superficiales como consecuencia de la contaminación atmosférica de los suelos y de la bioconcentración de oligoelementos. La tasa holocena media de los elementos mayores corresponde bien a la tasa reportada para una gran variedad de suelos forestales en sitios comparables. La clasificación de los elementos en orden de movilidad relativa decreciente es: Mn> Mg> Ca> Na> K> P> Si> Al> Fe>Ti.
Parties annexes
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