Abstracts
Résumé
Dans le noyau de la cellule, le nucléole est le centre de synthèse des ribosomes. Domaine nucléaire dynamique, son activité reflète un équilibre entre le niveau de synthèse des ARN ribosomiques (ARNr), directement lié à la croissance et à la prolifération cellulaires, l’efficacité de la maturation des ARNr, et le transport des sous-unités ribosomiques vers le cytoplasme. Le nucléole disparaît avant la division cellulaire et réapparaît juste après, l’assemblage du nucléole étant un événement très précoce en sortie de mitose. La fabrication des ribosomes est interrompue pendant la mitose, mais les machineries nucléolaires sont transmises aux cellules filles. Le nucléole est également un domaine nucléaire multifonctionnel qui joue un rôle important dans l’organisation nucléaire. Des mutations au niveau de gènes codant pour des protéines nucléolaires sont associées à des maladies humaines.
Summary
In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the ribosome factory. The nucleolus is a very active large nuclear domain resulting from the equilibrium between level of ribosomal gene transcription, efficiency of rRNA processing and transport of the ribosomal subunits (40S and 60S) towards the cytoplasm. The ribosome production is regulated and is linked with cell growth and cell proliferation. The ribosome production is stopped during mitosis but the nucleolar machineries are inherited in daughter cells and the nucleolar reassembly is a very early event at the exit of mitosis. The nucleolus is also a multifunctional domain involved in nuclear architecture and specific interaction with some nuclear bodies. Finally, several human diseases appear to result from mutations of nucleolar proteins.
Appendices
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