Résumés
Résumé
D. Smith et al. (2018) ont récemment proposé d’appliquer au contexte britannique le concept de « wilderness gentrification » (Darling, 2005), appelant les chercheurs à poursuivre les recherches empiriques sur ce sujet. Cet article entend précisément répondre à cet appel. En s’appuyant sur un travail de terrain réalisé dans le parc national de Dartmoor de 2016 à 2018, il s’agira tout d’abord d’analyser la pertinence du concept de wilderness gentrification dans les parcs nationaux anglais. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des nouveaux habitants installés dans le parc national ont permis de corroborer l’hypothèse d’une wilderness gentrification à travers l’analyse des représentations qui justifient leurs stratégies résidentielles. S’il s’agit bien de la quête d’une wilderness à l’anglaise qui a poussé ces nouveaux habitants à venir s’installer dans les espaces étudiés, la mise en pratique de ces représentations se traduit par le développement d’initiatives de ré-ensauvagement qui s’inscrivent dans le mouvement du rewilding. Incarnant une nouvelle vision de la gestion de la nature dans les parcs nationaux anglais, ces pratiques individuelles et collectives, varient selon les échelles et les espaces (Taylor, 2005; Lorimer et al., 2015; Sandom et Wynne-Jones, 2019). Si ces nouvelles pratiques tendent à cristalliser des tensions, notamment entre les propriétaires des communs à Dartmoor, elles impulsent des réflexions nouvelles relatives à la manière d’intégrer ce nouveau mode de gestion pour le parc national.
Mots-clés :
- wilderness gentrification,
- rewilding,
- représentations,
- pratiques,
- parcs nationaux,
- Angleterre
Abstract
D.Smith et al. (2018) have recently suggested to apply the concept of wilderness gentrification in England and called researchers to pursue field research to test this hypothesis. This article aims to answer that suggestion and wishes to analyse the relevance of the wilderness gentrification concept in England’s National Parks. At difference stages of the process the wilderness appears essential for new inhabitants. It is one of the main reasons which explains their migration to the Dartmoor National Park, regarded by some to be the last wilderness in England. Therefore, considering their socio-economic profiles, their investment in the place suggests that they impulse dynamics of gentrification. Moreover, when greentrifiers transcribe their representations into practice, it appears that they tend to promote rewilding approaches at different scales. However, in Dartmoor, rewilding practices create new tensions between different social groups, especially with hill farmers. Within the Brexit context, rewilding seems to be taken seriously by the national park authorities as a new tool for nature conservation.
Keywords:
- wilderness gentrification,
- rewilding,
- representations,
- practices,
- national parks,
- England
Parties annexes
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