Résumés
Résumé
Les politiques et les pratiques concernant la réduction des risques de catastrophe dépendent largement des spécificités socio-culturelles et des connaissances qu’en ont les individus. Bien que la culture et le savoir soient des facteurs essentiels pour réduire ces risques, ils sont rarement traités ensemble de façon systématique et approfondie, que ce soit dans les études ou les programmes d’actions. Nous soutenons qu’une exploitation plus approfondie des résultats de la recherche sur les systèmes de la culture et de la connaissance est de nature à améliorer considérablement l’efficacité des mesures décidées pour l’atténuation des catastrophes. Cet article aborde comment la culture et la connaissance contribuent à la réduction des risques de catastrophe et en décrit des défis majeurs. Il présente également une approche conceptuelle qui permet de saisir les différents niveaux qualitatifs de la compréhension : les faits, les données, l’information, la connaissance et la sagesse. Tout au long de l’article, nous mobilisons des exemples empruntés au Viet Nam afin d’illustrer des cas courants de pratiques culturelles, économiques et populaires qui prévalent sur les logiques institutionnelles en matière de réduction des risques de catastrophe. Ces pratiques révèlent les éléments qui provoquent la fragmentation du savoir. Orienter les objets de recherche vers des questions de connaissance culturelle et sociale conduirait à mieux saisir les processus structuraux qui favorisent la vulnérabilité face aux catastrophes, ainsi que les processus socio-culturels qui construisent notre compréhension des risques de catastrophe.
Mots-clés :
- culture des risques,
- géographie culturelle,
- gestion de l’information,
- réduction des risques de catastrophe,
- risques naturels,
- système de connaissances,
- priorités différentes,
- Viet Nam
Abstract
Disaster risk reduction policies and practices largely depend on the socio-cultural capacity and knowledge of people. Although culture and knowledge are critical issues for reducing disaster risks, both domains are seldom systematically addressed in-depth in disaster studies and policy programmes. We are convinced that tapping the rich portfolio of research on culture and knowledge systems will significantly improve the effectiveness of disaster mitigation. This article illustrates important aspects of culture and knowledge with regard to disaster risk reduction and outlines critical challenges. Subsequently, we present a conceptual approach for capturing different qualitative levels of understanding: facts, data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. Throughout the article, we use examples from Viet Nam to illustrate common cases of culture, economics, and popular practice prevailing over disaster risk reduction logic, as well as the barriers responsible for the fragmentation of knowledge. Shifting the research focus towards issues of culture and social knowledge would lead to a better apprehension and capture of the structural processes causing disaster vulnerability, as well as the social-cultural processes constructing our understanding of disaster risks.
Keywords:
- risk culture,
- cultural geography,
- information management,
- disaster risk reduction,
- natural hazards,
- knowledge systems,
- differing priorities,
- Viet Nam
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
Les recherches qui ont amené à certaines des idées présentées dans cet article ont reçu des financements de la Commission européenne 7. Framework Programme for the Enabling Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction in Integration to Climate Change Adaptation – grant agreement n°603807 – le projet KNOW-4-DRR (http://www.know4rrd.polimi.it). Le tout est plus que la somme des parties.
Note biographique
Juergen Weichselgartner a mené ses travaux de recherche sur les catastrophes naturelles et le changement global dans de nombreux pays. Il a une expérience approfondie dans la gestion des risques et catastrophes, les systèmes de connaissance et la coordination d’activités scientifiques.
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