Résumés
Résumé
Les marais sont de plus en plus menacés par les activités anthropogéniques mettant en péril leur capacité de filtrant des eaux des bassins versants. Cette étude a permis de déterminer l’efficacité de rétention des nutriments par les marais de Ciranga et de Kabamba et les effets de l’utilisation des terres et de la végétation sur la rétention des nutriments. Les échantillons d’eau ont été prélevés à l’entrée de la rivière dans le marais et à l’embouchure, et aussi sur sept stations identifiées dans le marais caractérisées par différents types de végétation et d’utilisation. Les prélèvements ont été effectués mensuellement entre août 2011 et juillet 2012. L’efficacité de rétention relative des polluants a été calculée par la différence entre la concentration au site de à l’entrée du marais et celle au site récepteur. Les résultats montrent que l’efficacité de rétention des nutriments des marais de Ciranga et de Kabamba diffèrent au vu de leur état d’utilisation des terres et de la couverture végétale. Le marais de Ciranga a une potentialité de rétention des nutriments plus élevée que le marais de Kabamba. L’efficacité de rétention du marais Ciranga est de 13% pour l’azote, mais celui de Kabamba est de 2% pour le phosphore. Le marais de Ciranga possède une concentration élevée en phosphore dans la rivière Lwiro (0,5 µmole/l). Par ailleurs, la rétention d’azote total est plus significative dans le marais de Kabamba que dans le marais de Ciranga. Comme le marais de Kabamba a été drainé et transformé en terre de culture, sa fonction naturelle de purification a été réduite. Des mesures de restauration des marais seraient d’une grande importance pour la stabilité du Lac Kivu et d’autres écosystèmes importants de la région.
Mots-clés :
- marais,
- nutriments,
- rétention,
- lac,
- Kivu,
- République Démocratique du Congo
Abstract
Wetlands are more and more threatened by anthropogenic activities reducing their pollutant filtering capacity of waters. This study determined the pollutant retention efficiency of Ciranga and Kabamba wetlands in Lake Kivu basins. Water samples were collected once a month for a period of one year (August, 2011 in July, 2012) from the inlet and the outlet of the wetland, and at seven other locations in the wetland with different types of vegetation. The pollutant retention efficiency was computed as a relative change in a given pollutant concentration to the respective inlet concentration. Result showed that Ciranga and Kabamba wetlands retention efficiency varied over-time and for the type of vegetation and land use. The Ciranga wetland had a relatively higher retention efficiency than Kabamba wetland. The nutrient retention efficiency of Ciranga is 13% for Nitrogen. For Kabamba wetlands, the retention efficiency is about 2% for phosphorus. The concentration of phosphorus (0,5 µmole/l) is high in the river Lwiro crossing in Ciranga wetland. But the retention of Nitrogen is high in the Kabamba wetland. The Kabamba wetland was drained and transformed into farming land, its natural function of purification was reduced. Judicious wetland restoration measures are needed in order to stabilize Lake Kivu and other important ecosystems of the region.
Keywords:
- wetland,
- nutrient,
- retention,
- lake,
- Kivu,
- Democratic Republic of Congo
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
Nos sincères remerciements à l’équipe de chercheurs au Laboratoire de malacologie du Centre de recherche en sciences naturelles CRSN Lwiro République Démocratique du Congo et à Josephine Nampiija de l’Université de Makerere en Ouganda pour leurs appuis.
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