Résumés
Résumé
Les incursions des flamants roses dans les rizières de Camargue ne concernent que quelques pourcentages de la sole rizicole, néanmoins les dégâts occasionnés ponctuellement peuvent être conséquents et nécessiter un re-semis complet des parcelles touchées. Le rôle dissuasif de la présence de haies sur la venue des flamants ayant été démontré, un contrat visant à indemniser l’entretien des haies autour des rizières a été proposé dans le cadre des Mesures-Agri-Environnementales (MAE). Pour autant, très peu de riziculteurs ont souscrit à ce contrat. Nous montrons que ce faible taux de contractualisation s’explique par la restriction des MAE aux périmètres du Parc Naturel Régional de Camargue et Natura 2000, et par le fait que la présence et l’entretien des haies sont perçus par la majorité des riziculteurs comme incompatibles avec les pratiques culturales intensives. Afin que soient opérés les changements paysagers nécessaires à la réduction des dommages, les MAE devront mieux prendre en compte la zone affectée et les subventions correspondent davantage aux coûts financiers. Ce mesures ne seraient seules suffire. Il paraît également nécessaire de s’appuyer sur des riziculteurs clés dans leur démarche.
Mots-clés :
- conflits,
- humain,
- faune sauvage,
- flamant,
- mesures agri-environnementales,
- riziculture,
- zone humide
Abstract
Flamingo forays in the Camargue rice fields only affect a small percentage of the surface area ; however, the damage incurred in the individual fields can be important and may even require the entire area to be replanted. Previous research has demonstrated hedges around rice fields could reduce the attractiveness of the fields for flamingos. In consequence, Agri-environmental Schemes (AES) were proposed to compensate farmers for hedge maintenance. These AES have not been contracted in great numbers and few new hedges have been established in the study area. We demonstrate that the lack of contractualisation can be explained by several factors : the administrative limits of the AES, the poor financial compensation for the measures and the perceived incompatibility of hedges with current agricultural practices. In order to promote the landscape changes necessary to reduce flamingo forays, we propose that the current AES be extended to cover the territory affected by the incursions and be reformulated to take into consideration the time and effort necessary for farmers to produce these changes. The AES alone may not be sufficient and a pilot farmer approach linked to AES could be a possible tool to spur the change in practices required in the Camargue.
Keywords:
- human,
- wildlife,
- conflicts,
- flamingo,
- agri-envionmental schemes,
- rice farming,
- wetlands
Parties annexes
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