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Résumés
Résumé
Le territoire du Sarawak, État de la Malaysia orientale, est actuellement en proie à des transformations environnementales majeures. Cette reconfiguration économique et sociale de l’espace rural est précipitée par l’expansion rapide des plantations de palmier à huile, effectuée au nom du développement. Afin d’analyser cette dynamique, l’auteur se penche sur un projet gouvernemental visant à convertir la quasi-totalité des territoires autochtones coutumiers du Sarawak en plantation de palmier à huile. L’étude permet ainsi de confronter le mode d’organisation et de gestion des ressources naturelles semi-traditionnel iban au projet moderniste proposé par l’État. Les observations donnent lieu à une analyse critique de la notion de développement dans la complexité du contexte institutionnel et social du Sarawak, alors que l’emphase est mise sur les problèmes rencontrés et leurs causes.
Mots-clés :
- développement,
- Sarawak,
- Iban,
- autochtone,
- agriculture,
- palmier à huile,
- gestion des ressources,
- communauté,
- milieu de vie,
- droits fonciers
Abstract
The territory of Sarawak, state of East Malaysia, undergoes major environmental transformations. The fast social and economic reconfiguration of rural space is triggered by the rapid expansion of oil palm plantations, pursued officially for development purposes. In order to appraise this dynamic, the author focuses on a governmental project which aim is to convert most of customary native lands of Sarawak into oil palm plantations. The study allows comparing and confronting the semi-traditional iban organizational system of resource management to the modernist project put forward by the state. The observations realised allow addressing the notion of development from a critical perspective in the complex social and institutional context of Sarawak. Problems related to development schemes encountered locally and their causes are emphasised.
Keywords:
- development,
- Sarawak,
- Iban,
- Indigenous people,
- agriculture,
- oil palm,
- resource management,
- community,
- livelihood,
- land rights
Parties annexes
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