Résumés
Abstract
Reconceptualization of the subordinate status of the translated text dates to the Baroque period and, more recently, to the crisis of the concept of authorship in post-structuralist criticism. This has given rise to a notion of translation as manipulation or appropriation that challenges traditional criteria of fidelity to the original text. In a similar vein, the Brazilian school, led by Oswald de Andrade in the first half of the 20th century and the brothers Haroldo and Augusto de Campos in the second, stands out over the past century for its more elaborate and appealing view of translation as manipulation, which is clearly linked, in this case, to the creative process. The Brazilian school is interesting for its resolute commitment to the complete visibility of the translator, arguing for a notion of translation as transcreation and presenting the translator as transfingidor [transpretender]. It is thought-provoking because it reformulates the old debate between cosmopolitanism and nationalism in the Latin American context in terms of transculturation and advocates for decentralizing and destabilizing the universal literary tradition from the periphery. This article provides a brief overview of this fascinating though controversial school, focusing on its theoretical basis as well as on the largely neglected figure of the transfingidor.
Keywords:
- literary translation,
- transcreation,
- transculturation,
- Brazilian School,
- Haroldo de Campos
Résumé
La reconceptualisation du statut subordonné du texte traduit remonte à l’époque baroque et, plus récemment, à la crise du concept d’auteur dans la critique poststructuraliste. Elle a donné naissance à l’idée de la traduction comme manipulation ou appropriation qui remet en question les critères traditionnels de fidélité au texte original. Dans le même ordre d’idées, l’école brésilienne, dirigée par Oswald de Andrade dans la première moitié du XXe siècle et par les frères Haroldo et Augusto de Campos dans la seconde, s’est distinguée au cours du siècle dernier par sa vision plus élaborée et plus séduisante de la traduction en tant que manipulation, qui est clairement liée, selon eux, au processus créatif. Cette école est intéressante pour son engagement résolu en faveur de la visibilité totale du sujet traduisant et d’une notion de la traduction comme transcréation qui présente le traducteur comme transfingidor [transprétendant]. Elle est provocatrice parce qu’elle reformule le vieux débat entre cosmopolitisme et nationalisme dans le contexte latino-américain en termes de transculturation, afin de décentraliser et déstabiliser la tradition littéraire universelle depuis la périphérie. Cet article présente un bref aperçu de cette école fascinante mais controversée, en mettant l’accent sur ses bases théoriques ainsi que sur la figure, encore largement négligée, du transfingidor.
Mots-clés :
- traduction littéraire,
- transcréation,
- transculturation,
- école brésilienne,
- Haroldo de Campos
Parties annexes
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