Résumés
Abstract
Understanding literary translation as part of a power game has led to renewed interest in issues of censorship in translation. In an effort to untangle the intricate relations between formal law and (internalized) norms, this essay will focus on voluntary or self-imposed censorship in areas where formal censorship (i.e., legislated law, religious law) is not strictly enforced. It will first briefly describe certain aspects of formal censorship in Israel, then present cases in which the borderline between formal censorship and self-censorship seems blurred. Two particular cases will be examined: one has to do with the attitude of translators towards the use of the words “pig and pork,” the other with the Committee established by the Ministry of Education in the 1960s to censor obscenity in literature. These cases will help shed light on the deep roots of self-censorship mechanisms and the reduced need for formal censorship when subordinate groups or individuals feel that working with the consensus is more beneficial than working against it. The case of a book banned in the Orthodox community—and therefore pre-censored for translation—will examine another aspect of censorship, that of the corrective measures applied when voluntary self-censorship is not exercised.
Keywords:
- (self-)censorship,
- pig/pork,
- obscenity,
- hegemony,
- mainstream/periphery,
- reviewers
Résumé
Envisager la traduction littéraire comme un acteur dans les rapports de force conduit à un renouveau d’intérêt pour la question de la censure en traduction. Afin de tenter de démêler les liens complexes entre la loi formelle et les normes (intériorisées), cet article se penchera sur le rôle que joue la censure volontaire – ou autocensure – dans les domaines où la censure formelle (par exemple, la loi édictée par le droit ou la loi religieuse) n’est pas rigoureusement appliquée. Nous décrirons d’abord brièvement certains aspects de la censure formelle en Israël, pour ensuite présenter des cas où la frontière entre la censure formelle et l’autocensure semble floue. Nous examinerons d’abord l’attitude des traducteurs à l’égard de l’usage des mots « cochon » et « porc », puis nous nous pencherons sur le cas du Comité de censure établi par le ministère de l’Éducation pendant les années 1960, dont le mandat était d’expurger la littérature de toute obscénité. Ces deux cas nous aideront à mettre en évidence les racines profondes des mécanismes d’autocensure et le besoin quasiment nul de censure formelle quand des groupes ou des individus opprimés comprennent que travailler en accord avec le consensus est plus avantageux que de s’y opposer. L’exemple d’un livre interdit dans la communauté orthodoxe – et donc soumis à une censure préalable à sa traduction – servira à éclaircir un autre aspect de la censure, à savoir les mesures correctives mises en application quand l’autocensure volontaire n’est pas exercée.
Mots-clés :
- (auto)censure,
- cochon/porc,
- obscénité,
- hégémonie,
- centre/périphérie,
- critiques
Parties annexes
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