Résumés
Abstract
In modern Japan, especially in the Meiji period (1868-1912), translations occupied a dominant position in the literary polysystem. This paper claims that, since the Meiji period, “competing translational norms” have existed in the Japanese literary polysystem, which is to say that “literal” (adequate) and “free” (acceptable) translations have existed in parallel, vying for superior status. Moreover, this paper traces the literalist tradition in modern Japan. Though “literal” translation has been widely criticized, the styles and expressions it created have made a significant contribution to the founding and development of the modern Japanese language and its literature. Among the arguments in favor of literal translation, Iwano Homei’s literal translation strategy—the so-called “straight translation”—had different features than the others, and thus the potential to produce translations that maintain the cohesion, coherence, information structure and illocutionary effects of the source text.
Keywords:
- Japanese literature,
- Japanese translation,
- literary polysystem,
- literal translation,
- alienating effect
Résumé
Dans le Japon moderne, particulièrement à l’ère Meiji (1868–1912), la traduction a occupé une position prédominante dans le polysystème littéraire. Cet article suggère que, depuis l’ère Meiji, il existe des « normes traductionnelles en concurrence » dans le polysystème littéraire japonais, ce qui veut dire que des traductions « littérales » (adéquates) et « libres » (acceptables) existent en parallèle et rivalisent pour obtenir la supériorité. Par ailleurs, cet article retrace la tradition littéraliste dans le Japon moderne. Bien que la traduction « littérale » ait été amplement critiquée, les styles et les expressions qu’elle a produits ont apporté une contribution significative à l’élaboration et au développement de la langue et de la littérature japonaises modernes. Pour plaider en faveur de la traduction littérale, nous prenons l’exemple de la stratégie de Iwano Homei – connue sous le nom de « traduction directe » – qui a des caractéristiques différentes des autres et permet ainsi de produire des traductions qui maintiennent la cohésion, la cohérence, la structure informative et les effets illocutoires du texte de départ.
Mots-clés :
- littérature japonaise,
- traduction japonaise,
- polysystème littéraire,
- traduction littérale,
- effet d’aliénation
Parties annexes
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