Résumés
Abstract
While censorship is an external constraint on what we can publish or (re)write, self-censorship is an individual ethical struggle between self and context. In all historical circumstances, translators tend to produce rewritings which are ‘acceptable’ from both social and personal perspectives. The translation of swearwords and sex-related language is a case in point, which very often depends on historical and political circumstances, and is also an area of personal struggle, of ethical/moral dissent, of religious/ideological controversies. In this paper we analyse the translation of the lexeme fuck into Spanish and Catalan. We have chosen two novels by Helen Fielding—Bridget Jones’s Diary (1996) and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (1999)—and the translations into the languages mentioned. Fielding’s acclaimed first novel has given rise to a distinctive genre of popular fiction (chick lit), which is mainly addressed to young cosmopolitan women and deals unconventionally with love and sex(uality). Historically, sex-related language has been a highly sensitive area; if today, in Western countries at least, we cannot defend any form of public censorship, what we cannot prevent (nor probably should we) is a certain degree of self-censorship, along the lines of an individual ethics and attitude towards religion, sex(uality), notions of (im)politeness or (in)decency, etc. Translating is always a struggle to reach a compromise between one’s ethics and society’s multiple constraints—and nowhere can we see this more clearly than in the rewriting(s) of sex-related language.
Keywords:
- censorship,
- self-censorship,
- translation,
- sex-related language,
- “fuck”
Résumé
La censure est une contrainte externe de ce que nous pouvons publier ou (ré)écrire, et l’auto-censure est une lutte morale individuelle entre soi-même et le contexte. Dans toutes les circonstances historiques, les traducteurs ont tendance à produire des réécritures qui sont « acceptables » non seulement du point de vue social mais aussi personnel. La traduction de jurons et du langage sexuel est un exemple paradigmatique, qui dépend très souvent des circonstances historiques et politiques et qui est aussi un espace de lutte personnelle, de dissension éthique/morale, de controverses religieuses/idéologiques. Dans cet article nous analysons la traduction du lexème « fuck » en espagnol et catalan. Nous avons choisi deux romans de Helen Fielding – Bridget Jones’s Diary (1996) et Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (1999) – et leurs traductions dans les langues mentionnées. Le premier roman fait naître un genre spécifique de fiction populaire (la chick lit), qui est principalement adressé aux jeunes femmes cosmopolites et qui traite, d’une façon peu conventionelle, de l’amour et du sexe (ou de la sexualité). Historiquement, le langage sexuel est un espace social très sensible; aujourd’hui, il est évident que dans les pays occidentaux nous ne pouvons pas approuver toute forme de censure publique, cependant, nous ne pouvons pas non plus éviter un certain degré d’auto-censure, en fonction de l’éthique individuelle de l’auteur, de son attitude envers la religion ou la sexualité, ou de ses notions de la politesse ou de la décence. La traduction est toujours une lutte pour atteindre un compromis entre l’éthique individuelle et les contraintes multiples de la société – et c’est dans les réécritures du langage sexuel que nous le distinguons le plus nettement.
Mots-clés:
- censure,
- auto-censure,
- traduction,
- langage sexuel,
- « fuck »
Parties annexes
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