Résumés
Abstract
Translation has been theorized as a process of metamorphosis, either as metaphor (replacing the original) or metonymy (substituting part for original whole). I propose an additional model for translation exchanges: the metramorphic processes described by psychoanalyst Bracha Ettinger. Ettinger expands the scope of interactions by describing maternal/late pre-natal infant relations as ‘subjectivity-as-encounter.’ Her focus on a ‘severality’ preceding autonomous subject positions overcomes the problematic self/other divide and helps us rethink the relation between source and target text. Ettinger posits ‘matrixial’ metramorphosis, which, unlike metamorphosis, does not involve total transformations; rather, it indicates expansion or development. Textually, this means that translations do not efface sources through equivalent matches or inevitable losses, but extend them through exchanges in which sources are still present within translations. An alternative to equivalence as the goal of translation and fidelity as the ethics of translation, a matrixial paradigm reflects the dependency of the source text on the translation, as well as the plurality of many texts prior to translation. A metramorphic translation practice amplifies source texts, mediating them through a less polarized and more interconnected perception of difference which is the grounds for a new feminist ethics.
Keywords:
- ethics of translation,
- feminist translation,
- Bracha Ettinger,
- metamorphosis,
- The Uncanny
Résumé
La traduction est souvent perçue comme un processus de métamorphose, ou encore comme métaphore (remplacement de l’original) ou métonymie (la substitution d’une partie au tout). Nous proposons un autre modèle pour concevoir les échanges de la traduction fondé sur les processus de métramorphose énoncés par la psychanalyste Bracha Ettinger. Ettinger élargit le champ des interactions en décrivant les rapports mère/enfant prénatal au dernier stade de la grossesse comme une subjectivité fondée sur une rencontre de sujets partiels. Son insistance sur ce qu’elle nomme « la plusieurité », qui précède les positions autonomes du sujet individuel, dépasse la division problématique du Soi et de l’Autre et nous aide à repenser la relation entre texte source et texte cible. Ettinger nous offre la métramorphose « matrixielle », qui, à la différence de la métamorphose, n’implique pas de transformations totales, car elle signale plutôt une expansion ou un développement. Sur le plan textuel, les traductions n’effacent pas leur origine dans des correspondances équivalentes ou des pertes inévitables; elles les prolongent grâce aux échanges où l’origine demeure au sein des traductions. Remplaçant l’équivalence comme but et la fidélité comme éthique de la traduction, un paradigme matrixiel reflète la dépendance du texte source, ainsi que la pluralité de maints textes avant leur traduction. Une pratique de la traduction métramorphique amplifie le texte à traduire en le médiatisant par le biais d’une perception de la différence moins polarisée et plus interreliée, établissant ainsi les bases d’une nouvelle éthique féministe.
Mots-clés:
- éthique de la traduction,
- traduction féministe,
- Bracha Ettinger,
- métamorphose,
- L’Inquiétante étrangeté
Parties annexes
References
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