Résumés
Abstract
After moving to Quebec in 1986, Gregory Baum articulated an ethics of nationalism by examining the works of religious thinkers who adopted a critical appreciation of nations and nationalism. Baum argued that, while nationalism could promote chauvinism and even violence, it could also serve as a defense against colonialism and the imperialism of universalizing systems of governance. His sensitivity to the moral ambiguity of nationalism was inspired as much by his experience of nationalism in Germany, Ontario, and, especially, Quebec as by his Critical Theology. Baum’s analysis attempted to provide criteria for acceptable forms of nationalism. He believed that mainstream Quebec nationalism met these criteria. This paper attempts to connect Baum’s biography and social location with his theoretical work and argues that his ethics of nationalism is unthinkable without an understanding of his experience to Quebec.
Résumé
Suite à son arrivée au Québec en 1986, le théologien catholique Gregory Baum a articulé une éthique du nationalisme en examinant les oeuvres de penseurs religieux ayant épousé une appréciation critique des nations et du nationalisme. Baum a soutenu que, bien que le nationalisme puisse faire la promotion du chauvinisme et même de la violence, il pouvait aussi servir de mode de défense contre le colonialisme et l’impérialisme des systèmes universalisants de gouvernance. Ce sont les expériences de Baum en Allemagne, en Ontario et surtout au Québec qui, ensemble avec sa théologie critique, l’ont sensibilisé à l’ambigüité morale du nationalisme. Cet article décrit comment celles-ci ont influencé sa critique éthique du nationalisme en général et des projets nationalistes québécois en particulier. L’analyse de Baum a tenté d’établir des critères pour des formes acceptables de nationalisme; selon lui, l’idéologie dominante au Québec satisfaisait ces critères. Dans cet article, nous démontrons que la vie de Baum et son oeuvre théorique sont intimement liées, et qu’il est indispensable de comprendre son expérience du nationalisme, surtout au Québec, afin d’apprécier pleinement son analyse de projets nationalistes.
Parties annexes
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