Résumés
Résumé
Cet article se propose de synthétiser l’état des connaissances sur l’innovation dans le secteur public en se centrant sur trois questions de recherche : la diffusion et l’adoption des innovations, leur génération et leur implantation. Les études ayant choisi une approche dite de variance se sont essentiellement intéressées à la question de l’adoption des innovations. Ce courant de recherche cherche à mettre en évidence les facteurs influençant l’adoption des innovations. Les enseignements tirés de ces travaux sont souvent contradictoires en raison des liens complexes entre variables. Les études ayant choisi une approche processuelle offrent une interprétation plus riche des processus d’innovation en étudiant les interactions dynamiques entre l’innovation et le contexte. Cela dit, selon les visions théoriques mobilisées, les travaux existants ont surtout insisté sur les enjeux de nature politique; peu de travaux ont porté sur les enjeux d’apprentissage, d’où l’intérêt de développer un agenda de recherche sur ces enjeux, en s’intéressant également aux enjeux d’ancrage des innovations. Enfin, il s’agirait aussi de s’attarder sur les innovations complexes qui impliquent plusieurs organisations interdépendantes.
Abstract
This paper critically analysis the empirical studies concerning innovation in the public sector. It focuses on three research questions related to: the adoption and diffusion of innovations, their generation and implementation. Works, based on a variance approach, have essentially studied the adoption phenomenon: their aim is to identify factors influencing the adoption of innovation. These studies’ results are often contradictory because of the complex relations between variables. Process based studies offer a better understanding of the innovation phenomenon: in particular, they show how the context and the actors’ perceptions influence innovation processes. This being said, these studies rely, for the most part, on political theoretical frameworks and consequently neglect learning issues. We argue that the development of a research agenda tackling these issues would be useful. It would be also important to pay more attention to innovation sustainability issues. Finally, studying complex innovations, which involve multiple interdependent organisations, is crucial.
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