Résumés
Abstract
Performance art has been regarded as solidly rooted in the “Hier und Jetzt”, asserted by Walter Benjamin as the only remaining condition for the Aura. However, as Philip Auslander observes, every performance today is always already mediatized in one way or another, and still we might experience liveness and then also authenticity. Mediatization is, therefore, a (necessary) condition for authenticity. In my discussion on the Swedish artist Öyvind Fahlström’s (1928–76) performance Kisses Sweeter than Wine 1966, I nonetheless argue that not even the use of Verfremdungseffekts in avant-garde performance disrupts the construction of authenticity, even though this effect is used to attack the (presupposed) media-transparency believed to be necessary for an “authentic” experience. In his use of new technology and different broadcasting media, Fahlström was a forerunner for media art. The intermedial intricacy can be fully understood and discussed only in our own information age. His and other similar experiments in the 1960s are important links in the genealogy of today’s networked, global and multiscreen world, since they constitute early confluences of cybernetics, art and media. This is best seen in his performance, which was part of 9 Evenings. Theatre and Engineering arranged, in 1966, by Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York. Fahlström mixes performance on stage with a plethora of mediated and mediatized events, which results in a show that is characterized by strong Verfremdungseffekts, yet still gives rise to an experience of authenticity.
Keywords:
- Billy Klüver,
- Öyvind Fahlström,
- 9 Evenings,
- mediatization,
- Verfremdungseffekt,
- authenticity
Résumé
Depuis longtemps, on considérait l’art de la performance comme étant enraciné dans le « Hier und Jetzt », qui est, comme l’affirme par Walter Benjamin, la seule condition restante pour l’Aura. Cependant, Philip Auslander constate qu’aujourd’hui toute représentation est toujours déjà médiatisée d’une manière ou d’une autre ; et pourtant, nous pourrions encore ressentir de la vivacité et également de l’authenticité. La médiatisation est donc une condition (nécessaire) de l’authenticité. Dans cette étude consacrée à la performance de l’artiste suédois Öyvind Fahlström (1928-1976), intitulée Kisses Sweeter than Wine (1966), j’affirme toutefois que même l’utilisation de Verfremdungseffekts dans la performance avant-gardiste ne perturbe pas la construction de l’authenticité, même si cet effet est employé afin d’attaquer à la transparence médiatique (présupposée), jugée comme fondamentale pour une expérience « authentique ». Dans son emploi des nouvelles technologies et des divers médias audiovisuels, Fahlström était un précurseur dans le champ de l’art médiatique. La subtilité intermédiale peut donc être comprise à fond et discutée par le seul prisme de notre propre ère de l’information. D’autres exemples comparables durant les années 1960 créent des liens importants avec la généalogie de notre société contemporaine en réseau et à plusieurs écrans, car elles constituent les premières confluences de la cybernétique, de l’art et des médias. Ce phénomène est surtout perceptible dans la performance de Fahlström, qui faisait partie de 9 Soirées (9 Evenings). Théâtre et Ingénierie est arrangé, en 1966, par Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) au 69th Regiment Armory à New York. Fahlström mélange la performance sur scène avec une pléthore d’événements médiatisés, ce qui donne lieu à un spectacle caractérisé par de forts Verfremdungseffekts, tout en créant une expérience d’authenticité.
Mots-clés :
- Billy Klüver,
- Öyvind Fahlström,
- 9 Evenings,
- médiatisation,
- effet de distanciation,
- authenticité
Parties annexes
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