Résumés
Abstract
Rejecting the common practice of his time, Andrei Tarkovsky challenged the composer Edward Artemiev to create unprecedented sound design for his films in the place of conventional musical soundtracks. He also followed this path in his later films produced without Artemiev. This article analyzes the audio-visual sequences of Tarkovsky’s films from the 1970s and the 1980s, exploring transitions from real mode to magic mode, as well as the role of sound design in these cinematic shifts. The new technology and the novel electronic sound that influenced creative processes are at the heart of this analysis. Unique media, such as the ANS and Synthi 100 synthesizers that became available for Artemiev, were key factors that motivated his original sound work. They allowed him to create a sound space capable of absorbing divergent sources (natural sounds, noises, acoustic instruments, and musical quotations), and triggering off transformation of the initial sound sources into sounds of ambiguous nature. This analysis recreates the process of sound-making from its conceptual origins to its final representations, interpreted through comments by Edward Artemiev and Owe Svensson (a Swedish sound-mixer, who worked with Tarkovsky on his last film, The Sacrifice).
Keywords:
- Andreï Tarkovski,
- Sound design,
- ANS synthesizer,
- Synthi 100 synthesizer,
- Magic Realism
Résumé
Rejetant les pratiques habituelles de son temps, Andreï Tarkovski confia au compositeur Edouard Artemiev la tâche de créer un design sonore sans précédent pour ses films en lieu et place des bandes musicales conventionnelles ; voie qu’il poursuivit dans ses derniers films avec d’autres collaborateurs. Cet article analyse le rôle du design sonore dans les transitions du réel au magique dans plusieurs séquences audio-visuelles des films réalisés par le cinéaste russe dans les années 1970 et 1980 ; et en particulier les apports d’une nouvelle technologie et du son électronique dans le processus de création. Des synthétiseurs uniques en leur genre tels que l’ANS et le Synthi 100, avec lesquels E. Artemiev composa, devinrent les instruments décisifs d’un travail sonore original. Ils permirent de créer un espace sonore capable d’absorber des sources hétérogènes telles que des sons naturels et ambiants, des bruits, des sons instrumentaux, et des citations musicales, et de les transformer afin de générer un son aux caractéristiques ambivalentes. Cette analyse s’attache à recréer la genèse de la composition, de sa conception initiale à sa production finale à l’aide des commentaires effectués par Eduard Artemiev et Owe Svensson (mixeur suédois qui travailla avec A. Tarkovski à la création de la bande sonore de son dernier film, Le Sacrifice).
Mots-clés :
- Andreï Tarkovski,
- Design sonore,
- Synthétiseur ANS,
- Synthétiseur Synthi 100,
- Réalisme magique
Parties annexes
Bibliography
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