Résumés
Résumé
Dans cet article, j’identifie et je mets en contraste deux approches théoriques et politiques opposées de la ville contemporaine du changement urbain. La première approche, soit un modèleéconomique de la prospérité, privilégie la productivité économique et la compétitivité, l’urbanité cosmopolite, la consommation culturelle, la gouvernance en partenariat public-privé, ainsi que la créativité et l’innovation comme des moteurs de croissance. En revanche, le modèle éthique et émancipateur favorise plutôt l’économie informelle, les pratiques urbaines quotidiennes, les infrastructures et espaces publics, les droits du citoyen, l’équité sociale et la redistribution, une justice sociale et un espoir démocratique. Ces deux approches ont en commun un souci de tolérance et de diversité. Alors que la première envisage la diversité comme un « leurre » avec lequel attirer les touristes, les investisseurs potentiels et les « personnes créatives », la seconde valorise la différence urbaine à part entière comme un seuil à franchir vers une ville « hospitalière » et équitable. En m’appuyant sur les trois « logiques sociales » d’Iveson et Fincher pour la planification dans la quête du droit à la ville, je conclus en discutant des perspectives de conciliation des deux approches pour un avenir et un changement urbain.
Mots-clés :
- villes,
- changement urbain,
- diversité,
- compétitivité,
- émancipation
Abstract
In this paper, I identify and contrast two opposing theoretical and policy approaches to contemporary cities and urban change. The first, the economic and prosperity model and privileges economic productivity and competitiveness, cosmopolitan urbanity, cultural consumption, governance through private-public -corporate collaboration, creativity and innovation as growth-drivers. By contrast, the rights, justice and emancipation model favours the informal economy, everyday urban practices, public infrastructures and spaces, citizenship rights, social equity and redistribution, social justice and democratic hope. In common, both approaches are centrally concerned with diversity and tolerance. While the former treats diversity as a ‘lure’ with which to attract tourists, investors and ‘creative people’, the latter values urban difference in its own right as the portal to a livable and just city. Building on Iveson and Fincher’s three “social logics” for planning in pursuit of rights to the city. I conclude by assessing the prospects for reconciling the two approaches to urban futures and urban change.
Keywords:
- cities,
- urban change,
- diversity,
- competitiveness,
- emancipation
Resumen
En este artículo identifico y comparo dos enfoques teóricos y políticos opuestos de la ciudad contemporánea y cambio urbano. El primero, el modelo económico de la prosperidad, favorece la productividad económica y la competitividad, la urbanidad cosmopolita, el consumo cultutal, la gobernanza en asociación público-privada, así como la creatividad y la innovación como motores de crecimiento. Por otra parte, el modelo ético y emancipador, favorece principalmente la economía informal, las prácticas urbanas cotidianas, las infraestructuras y los espacios públicos, los derechos ciudadanos, la equidad social y la redistribución, la justicia social y la esperanza democrática. Estos dos enfoques comparten una preocupación por la tolerancia y la diversidad. Mientras el primero considera la diversidad como un “señuelo“ con el cual enganchar turistas, inversionistas potenciales y “personas creativas”, el segundo valoriza la diferencia urbana como pleno derecho, como un umbral hacia una ciudad “hospitalaria” y equitativa. Apoyándome en las tres “lógicas sociales” de Iveson y Fincher para la planificación en la búsqueda del derecho a la ciudad, concluyo con un discusión acerca de las perspectivas de conciliación de los dos enfoques por un futuro y un cambio urbano.
Palabras clave:
- ciudades,
- cambio urbano,
- diversidad,
- competitividad,
- emancipación
Parties annexes
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