Résumés
Résumé
Un désaccord persiste chez les sociologues quant à savoir si la famille ou l’individu constitue l’« unité » théoriquement appropriée pour la recherche sur la stratification sociale, mais les deux parties sont généralement d’accord pour faire de la profession l’indicateur de la position sociale. Toutefois, à cause de différences entre les pays en ce qui concerne la présence des femmes sur le marché du travail, la stabilité des heures de travail, la stabilité des ménages ainsi que les politiques fiscales et sociales, les analyses comparatives de la mobilité professionnelle peuvent ne pas décrire adéquatement les écarts d’un pays à l’autre quant à la mobilité du niveau de vie des ménages au cours de leur trajectoire de vie. Des études sur la mobilité du niveau de vie aux États-Unis, en Allemagne et en Suède montrent qu’il y a entre ces pays une plus grande similitude que ne le laissent voir les études sur la mobilité professionnelle des hommes.
Summary
While ongoing debates in sociology exist over whether the family or the individual is the correct conceptual “unit” for stratification research, both sides to this debate have generally relied on individual-level occupation to operationalize social position. However, because industrial nations differ in the extent of labor force participation by women, stability of working hours, the stability of households, and in state tax and transfer policies, comparative analysis of occupational mobility may not accurately describe cross-national differences in household mobility in living standards over the life course. Studies of standard of living mobility in the United States, Germany, and Sweden show greater similarity between the countries than do studies of male occupational mobility.
Resumen
Un desacuerdo persiste entre los sociólogos cuando se trata de escoger la familia o el individuo como “unidad” teórica de sus investigaciones para la estratificación de sus datos. En general las dos partes están de acuerdo de hacer de la profesión del individuo el operador de la posición social. Sin embargo, a causa de las diferencias entre los países industriales en lo que concierne la presencia de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo, la estabilidad en las horas de trabajo, la estabilidad de los hogares así que las políticas fiscales y sociales, los análisis comparativos de la movilidad profesional no pueden describir con exactitud las diferencias de un país al otro de la movilidad del nivel de vida de un hogar en el transcurso de una vida. De los estudios sobre la movilidad del nivel de vida en los Estados Unidos, en Alemania y en Suecia demuestran que hay entre éstos países una gran similitud que no lo dejan ver los estudios sobre la movilidad profesional de los hombres.
Parties annexes
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