Résumés
Résumé
Contexte Créée en 2004, la Chaire Eli Lilly Canada de recherche en schizophrénie a été financée par la compagnie Eli Lilly, l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, l’Hôpital Sacré-Coeur et le Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal. L’objectif du présent article est d’effectuer un survol historique des activités scientifiques de la Chaire depuis sa création.
Méthode Afin de procéder à ce compte-rendu historique, nous avons adopté une approche bibliométrique. Nous avons effectué une fouille dans PubMed de tous les articles publiés par l’un et/ou l’autre des titulaires de la Chaire depuis sa création en 2004. Une fois les articles identifiés, nous avons comptabilisé toutes les fois que ces articles ont été cités dans la littérature. Ce décompte a été effectué à l’aide de Google Scholar. Nous avons également fait le décompte des principaux thèmes abordés dans ces articles. Comme grille d’interprétation des travaux scientifiques, nous avons adopté une perspective externaliste.
Résultats Depuis sa création en 2004, la Chaire a publié un total de 295 articles scientifiques, lesquels ont été cités 12 892 fois. Les principaux thèmes abordés dans ces articles sont la cognition, la neuroimagerie et les antipsychotiques, suivis de la toxicomanie, les interventions psychosociales et la résistance au traitement. Les articles les plus influents ont montré la présence d’un syndrome inflammatoire, des difficultés du sommeil dans la schizophrénie, en plus de corroborer l’hypothèse de la saillance aberrante de la psychose, de réfuter l’hypothèse de la latéralisation du langage dans la schizophrénie, et d’établir des liens entre le traitement antipsychotique et la COVID-19.
Discussion D’une perspective externaliste, l’évolution des travaux de la Chaire a été influencée par d’importants facteurs externes à la logique de la découverte scientifique, soit la commercialisation de plusieurs antipsychotiques au cours des années 1990-2000, la relative démocratisation de la neuroimagerie au cours des années 2000-2010, la légalisation du cannabis à des fins récréatives en 2018 au Canada et l’essor de la santé numérique – notamment la réalité virtuelle – au cours de la dernière décennie. En contrepartie, l’intérêt porté à la neurobiologie des comportements violents et la tendance à publier dans des revues francophones sont des tendances ne cadrant pas avec les tendances sociales en cours. L’article se conclut par une réflexion sur la nature du concept de la psychose.
Mots-clés :
- schizophrénie,
- psychose,
- chaire de recherche,
- bibliométrie,
- externalisme
Abstract
Background Created in 2004, the Eli Lilly Canada Chair on schizophrenia research was funded by Eli Lilly, the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Coeur and Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal. The aim of this article is to provide an historical overview of the scientific activities of the Chair since its inception.
Method In order to carry out this historical account, we adopted a bibliometric approach. We carried out a PubMed search of all articles published by any of the Chair holders since its creation in 2004. Once the articles had been identified, we counted all the times they had been cited in the literature. This was done using Google Scholar. We also counted the main themes addressed in these articles. We adopted an externalist perspective for the interpretation of the scientific work.
Results Since its creation in 2004, the Chair has published a total of 295 scientific articles, which have been cited 12,892 times. The main themes addressed in these articles are cognition, neuroimaging and antipsychotics, followed by addiction, psychosocial interventions and treatment resistance. The most influential articles showed the presence of an inflammatory syndrome and sleep difficulties in schizophrenia, in addition to corroborating the aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis, disproving the lateralization of language hypothesis in schizophrenia, and establishing links between antipsychotic treatment and COVID-19.
Discussion From an externalist perspective, the evolution of the Chair’s work has been influenced by important factors external to the logic of scientific discovery, namely the commercialization of several antipsychotics during the 1990s-2000s, the relative democratization of neuroimaging during the 2000-2010s, the legalization of cannabis use for recreational purposes in 2018 in Canada, and the rise of digital health–notably virtual reality–over the past decade. Conversely, the focus on the neurobiology of violent behavior and the tendency to publish in French-language journals are trends that run counter to current social trends. The article concludes with a reflection on the nature of the concept of psychosis.
Keywords:
- schizophrenia,
- psychosis,
- research chair,
- bibliometry,
- externalism
Parties annexes
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