Résumés
Résumé
Contexte L’expérience de recevoir un diagnostic de cancer du sein mène à être confronté à de l’inconnu et à de l’incertitude. Dans certains cas, les patient(e)s développent des symptômes de détresse psychologique après l’annonce du diagnostic, ce qui peut avoir une influence négative durant et à la suite des traitements. Au Québec, il existe plusieurs cliniques de cancer du sein qui semblent offrir une évaluation psychologique à leurs patient(e)s et des services psychosociaux durant les différentes phases de la maladie. À notre connaissance, peu d’études québécoises se sont intéressées à l’accès et à la qualité des services en temps de non-crise. Aussi, la pandémie de la COVID-19 a également mené à des changements dans les cliniques du sein (p. ex. fermeture des cliniques de dépistage, annonce des diagnostics à distance, changements de plan de traitement). Toutefois, aucune étude canadienne ne s’est intéressée de manière qualitative à l’expérience des patient(e)s face aux conséquences que la pandémie a eues sur l’accès et la qualité de ces services.
Objectifs Le premier objectif de la présente étude qualitative est de décrire les perspectives des Québécois(-es) qui ont reçu un diagnostic et/ou un traitement du cancer du sein pendant la pandémie sur l’accès et la qualité des services psychosociaux. De plus, le second objectif est d’identifier les recommandations des patientes qui permettraient de favoriser le bien-être des patient(e)s qui reçoivent des services psychosociaux en oncologie.
Méthode Dans le cadre de ce projet plus large, nous avons mené des entrevues semi-structurées auprès de 18 patientes québécoises (M = 47,05 ans, ÉT = 9,07) ayant reçu un diagnostic et/ou des traitements du cancer du sein avant et pendant la pandémie. Les analyses descriptives effectuées dans MaxQDA ont permis d’établir un guide thématique ainsi que des synthèses narratives.
Résultats Une minorité de participantes (n = 6) se sont vu offrir des services psychosociaux au moment de leur diagnostic. Bien qu’elles n’aient pas toutes utilisé les ressources offertes, elles ont apprécié les avoir à disposition. En revanche, 12 participantes n’ont pas reçu de ressources psychosociales, et plus de la moitié de ces femmes n’en étaient pas satisfaites, car elles vivaient une détresse psychologique intense à la suite du diagnostic, qui s’est poursuivie lors des traitements. De nombreuses femmes (n = 12) ont dû chercher de l’aide par elles-mêmes.
Conclusion Afin d’améliorer l’expérience des patient(e)s à long terme en temps de crise et de non-crise au Québec, les résultats montrent qu’il pourrait être bénéfique d’offrir des services psychosociaux en fonction des besoins des usager(ère)s, plutôt qu’uniquement en fonction de la sévérité des symptômes psychologiques.
Mots-clés :
- cancer du sein,
- santé mentale,
- oncologie,
- détresse psychologique,
- psycho-oncologie
Abstract
Background The experience of breast cancer diagnosis leads to being confronted with the unknown and uncertainty. In some cases, patients develop symptoms of psychological distress after the diagnosis, which can have a negative influence during and after treatment. In Quebec, there are several breast cancer clinics that appear to offer psychological assessment to patients and psychosocial services during the different phases of the disease. To our knowledge, few Quebec studies have looked at the effectiveness of and access to psychosocial services in times of non-crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic also led to changes in breast clinics (e.g., closure of screening clinics, reception of diagnosis remotely, changes in treatment plans). However, no Canadian study has qualitatively examined patients’ experiences of the impact of the pandemic on access and effectiveness of these services.
Objectives The first objective of this qualitative study is to describe the perspectives of Quebec women who received a breast cancer diagnosis and/or treatment during the pandemic on the access to and effectiveness of psychosocial services. In addition, the second objective is to identify patient recommendations for improving the well-being of patients receiving psychosocial oncology services.
Method As part of this larger project, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 Quebec patients (M = 47.05 years, SD = 9.07) diagnosed and/or treated for breast cancer before and during the pandemic. Descriptive analyses performed in MaxQDA allowed us to establish a thematic guide and narrative summaries.
Results A minority of participants (n = 6) were offered psychosocial services at the time of their diagnosis. Although not all of them used the resources offered, they appreciated having them available. In contrast, 12 participants did not receive psychosocial resources, and more than half of these women were unsatisfied as they experienced intense psychological distress following diagnosis, which continued during treatment. Many women (n = 12) had to seek help on their own.
Conclusion In order to improve the long-term experience of patients in times of crisis and non-crisis in Quebec, the results show that it could be beneficial to offer psychosocial services based on the needs of users, rather than solely on the severity of psychological symptoms.
Keywords:
- breast cancer,
- mental health,
- oncology,
- psychological distress,
- psycho-oncology
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
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