Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs Le programme Logement d’abord – un programme offrant un logement permanent sans condition préalable aux personnes en situation d’itinérance et vivant avec un problème de santé mentale – est de plus en plus mis de l’avant à titre de composante essentielle d’un plan pragmatique pour mettre fin à l’itinérance. La littérature scientifique révèle toutefois qu’en moyenne, l’intervention Logement d’abord n’a pas d’effet sur l’implication criminelle de ses participants. Cette étude vise à explorer la possibilité que cette absence d’impact soit due à l’effet hétérogène de l’intervention. Plus spécifiquement, nous voulons vérifier si le profil d’antécédents criminels des participants, identifiés grâce à une analyse de classes latentes dans un précédent manuscrit, module l’effet de Logement d’abord sur les mises en accusation.
Méthodes Cette analyse repose sur les données des sites de Montréal, Toronto et Vancouver de l’essai randomisé contrôlé Chez Soi, fusionnées aux données administratives de justice (N = 1321). Des modèles de régression binomiale négative avec des termes d’interaction ont permis de mesurer l’impact de Logement d’abord, en comparaison au traitement habituel, sur les nouvelles accusations criminelles pour infractions violentes, infractions acquisitives (p. ex. vol, fraude, travail du sexe) et infractions liées à l’administration de la justice pour chaque profil d’antécédents criminels.
Résultats Les participants dont les antécédents criminels étaient associés à un historique d’itinérance chronique ou à un usage criminalisé de drogues ont connu une réduction des nouvelles mises en accusation pour infractions violentes grâce à Logement d’abord. Logement d’abord n’a pas eu d’impact sur les infractions acquisitives ou liées à l’administration de la justice, et ce, pour tous les profils d’antécédents.
Conclusions Les résultats soulignent que les services communautaires comme Logement d’abord offrent un contexte potentiel pour instaurer des stratégies visant à réduire la judiciarisation. Une piste de solution prometteuse est de former les équipes multidisciplinaires aux approches fondées sur les données probantes en santé mentale forensique afin que tous les aspects du rétablissement des utilisateurs de services, incluant les potentiels besoins criminogènes, soient pris en compte. Des études portant sur la faisabilité et l’efficacité de ces interventions d’appoint seraient nécessaires.
Mots-clés :
- évaluation,
- itinérance,
- logement,
- violence,
- désistement
Abstract
Background Housing First does not, on average, reduce criminal justice involvement. This analysis aims to test whether the overall absence of an impact is due to intervention effect heterogeneity as a function of the pattern of lifetime criminal justice involvement, identified through latent class analysis conducted through earlier work.
Methods This analysis relied on data from the Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver sites of the Canadian At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial, merged with administrative records of lifetime criminal charges (N = 1,321). Negative binomial models with interaction terms were used to estimate the impact of Housing First, in comparison to treatment as usual, on violent charges, acquisitive charges (e.g., theft, sex work), and administration of justice charges (e.g., breach of probation), for each pre-identified profile.
Results Participants with past criminal justice involvement associated with a chronic history of homelessness or with criminalized substance use experienced a decrease in violent charges as a result of Housing First, whereas those with no or little past criminal justice involvement experienced a marginal increase. Housing First did not affect acquisitive or administration of justice charges, regardless of profile.
Conclusions Findings suggest that integrating criminological or forensic mental health tools, knowledge and approaches into the multidisciplinary teams that support Housing First service users may be an effective solution, so that all aspects of their recovery, including potential criminogenic needs, are addressed. Future research should focus on the feasibility and effectiveness of such adjunct interventions.
Keywords:
- evaluation,
- homelessness,
- housing,
- violence,
- desistance
Parties annexes
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