Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs L’exposition à des événements traumatiques répétés pendant l’enfance et l’adolescence est associée à une prévalence accrue de troubles mentaux, de dépendances, de problèmes de santé physique et de difficultés psychosociales (Felitti et coll., 2019). La conséquence la plus fréquente de l’exposition à des événements traumatiques est la violence envers soi et les autres (Hugues et coll., 2017). La prévalence particulièrement élevée du traumatisme complexe chez les personnes utilisant les services psycholégaux entraîne la nécessité de revoir les pratiques, la formation du personnel, les politiques organisationnelles et l’offre de services. L’objectif du présent essai est de contribuer à une telle transformation des services en clarifiant les impacts du traumatisme complexe sur les trajectoires et les expériences de soins des personnes utilisatrices de services psycholégaux, ainsi que les pratiques développées en réponse à ce phénomène.
Méthode Nous avons mené une recension de la littérature scientifique et grise sur le traumatisme complexe et les pratiques sensibles au trauma auprès des personnes susceptibles d’utiliser les services psycholégaux. Une fois synthétisés, les résultats ont été mis en dialogue avec nos expériences de cliniciens et chercheurs par la conception d’une vignette clinique illustrant les principaux thèmes des écrits scientifiques.
Résultats Nous abordons d’abord le rôle du traumatisme complexe et de la victimisation dans le développement de comportements violents. Nous nous attardons en particulier aux expériences négatives des soins et services vécues par les personnes, en l’absence de reconnaissance et de compréhension du phénomène du traumatisme complexe et de ses conséquences. Nous décrivons les principes fondamentaux d’une approche de soins sensible au trauma (confiance et transparence ; sécurité ; soutien par les pairs ; collaboration et mutualité ; prise de pouvoir et choix ; sensibilité aux différences de genres, cultures et historiques), ainsi que les interventions cliniques et organisationnelles s’inscrivant dans une telle approche. Enfin, nous présentons les efforts réalisés à l’échelle internationale pour instaurer des politiques et pratiques sensibles au trauma dans les milieux psycholégaux, ainsi que les possibilités et les défis liés à la mise en oeuvre de telles approches au Québec.
Conclusion À ce jour, peu de travaux de recherche ont porté spécifiquement sur la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation des approches sensibles au trauma en milieu psycholégal. L’état actuel des connaissances indique qu’une compréhension fine des traumatismes complexes vécus par les personnes utilisant les services psycholégaux est incontournable, et doit se retrouver à l’avant-plan des recherches, politiques et pratiques psycholégales contemporaines.
Mots-clés :
- organisation des services,
- politiques publiques,
- trauma,
- trouble mental
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to repeated traumatic events during childhood and adolescence is associated with high prevalences of mental illness, addictions, physical health conditions, and psychosocial difficulties (Felitti et al., 2019). The most common consequence of exposure to trauma is violence towards self and others (Hughes et al., 2017). The very high prevalence of complex trauma among forensic mental health service users challenges these settings to modify their practices, training approaches, policies, and service delivery approaches. The objective of this article is to contribute to such a transformation of forensic mental health services by clarifying the impacts of complex trauma on the trajectories and experiences of forensic mental health services users, as well as practices responding to complex trauma.
Methods We reviewed the published and grey literature on complex trauma among forensic mental health service users. After synthesizing the findings, they were contrasted with our experiences as clinicians and researchers in the field of forensic mental health care through the development of a case vignette.
Results We first identify the role of complex trauma and victimization in the development and maintenance of violent behaviours. We describe the negative experiences of services and care settings reported by individuals with complex trauma in the absence of recognition and understanding of traumatic experiences and their impacts. We highlight the fundamental principles of trauma-informed care (trust and transparency; safety; peer support; collaboration and reciprocity; empowerment and choice; sensitivity to gender, cultural and historical differences), as well as the clinical and organizational approaches emerging from those principles. Next, we describe the approaches developed internationally to apply and implement trauma-informed care in forensic mental health setting, and the opportunities and challenges associated with their implementation in the Québec context.
Conclusion To date, few studies have documented and evaluated the implementation of trauma-informed care in forensic mental health settings. The literature reviewed in this paper indicates that an in-depth understanding of complex trauma among forensic mental health service users should be at the core of contemporary forensic research, policies and practices.
Keywords:
- mental illness,
- organization of services,
- public policies,
- trauma
Parties annexes
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