Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs Cet article vise à contextualiser et réviser les interventions auprès des patients avec un état mental à risque de psychose (EMR-P).
Méthode Il s’agit d’une synthèse des écrits portant sur l’EMR-P, plus précisément sur le développement des critères qui le définissent, l’évolution des patients qui en souffrent, les principales interventions étudiées jusqu’à maintenant et les services cliniques développés à ce jour.
Résultats Les critères qui définissent l’EMR-P ont été développés à partir des observations sur le prodrome des troubles psychotiques, pour prévenir ou retarder le début de la psychose. Ces critères permettent d’identifier 3 grands groupes de patients qui demandent de l’aide parce qu’ils sont souffrants et présentent des problèmes de fonctionnement. L’évaluation diagnostique demeure une étape cruciale qui comporte certains défis pour les cliniciens. Une proportion significative des patients avec un EMR-P ne développera pas de trouble psychotique. L’évolution peut toutefois être défavorable même lorsqu’il n’y a pas développement d’un trouble psychotique. Certaines interventions ont heureusement été étudiées pour améliorer l’état clinique des patients EMR-P. Elles se divisent principalement en 2 catégories : les approches psychosociales et la pharmacothérapie. Des initiatives cliniques visant à évaluer et offrir un soutien à ces patients ont vu le jour dans le monde, dont en Suisse, en France et au Canada. Plusieurs facteurs, notamment l’organisation du système de santé, influencent la mise en place et l’intégration de ces services au sein des structures existantes. Sachant qu’une faible proportion des patients EMR-P évoluera vers un trouble psychotique, il serait pertinent d’offrir les interventions dans des lieux non stigmatisants et adaptés pour les jeunes, possiblement distincts des cliniques pour les premiers épisodes psychotiques.
Conclusion Les interventions auprès des patients EMR-P vont bien au-delà de la prévention de la psychose. Elles répondent à des besoins cliniques légitimes. Une réflexion s’impose pour les déployer adéquatement dans les lieux les plus appropriés.
Mots-clés :
- état mental à risque,
- prodrome,
- psychose,
- schizophrénie
Abstract
Objectives This article aims to contextualize and review interventions for patients with a clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis.
Method This review explores the literature on the CHR state and focuses more precisely on the development of its defining criteria, the evolution of CHR patients, the main interventions studied so far, and the clinical services implemented to date.
Results The CHR criteria were developed from observations on the prodrome of psychotic disorders to prevent or delay the onset of psychosis. These criteria help defining three distinct groups of patients who seek help because of significant distress and functional impairments. The diagnostic evaluation remains a critical step that represents a challenge for clinicians. A significant proportion of CHR patients will not develop a psychotic disorder. And the course can be unfavorable even if there is no conversion to a psychotic disorder. In order to improve the clinical conditions of CHR patients, several interventions have been developed and studied. They fall into two main categories: psychosocial approaches and pharmacotherapy. Clinical initiatives to assess and provide support to these patients have emerged around the world, including in Switzerland, in France, and in Canada. The implementation and the integration of these services within existing health care system are influenced by several factors, including the organization of health care structures. Knowing that only a small proportion of CHR patients will progress to a psychotic disorder, it is relevant to offer these interventions in non-stigmatizing and youth-friendly places. These services would possibly be distinct from first-episode psychosis programs.
Conclusion Interventions for CHR patients go well beyond the prevention of psychosis. They meet legitimate clinical needs. We must think about how to deploy them adequately in the most appropriate places.
Keywords:
- clinical high risk,
- prodrome,
- psychosis,
- schizophrenia
Parties annexes
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