Résumés
Résumé
Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de décrire l’utilisation des services de santé auprès des personnes décédées par suicide au Québec, diagnostiquées ou non avec troubles mentaux (TM) et dépendances (D) (TM/D), répertoriées dans les bases de données administratives (BDA), et un groupe témoin de Québécois vivants diagnostiqués avec un TM/D. Les données proviennent du Système intégré de surveillance des maladies chroniques du Québec (SISMACQ), qui jumelle les bases de données des services médicaux rémunérés à l’acte et d’hospitalisations. La population source est composée de Québécois âgés de 15 ans et plus assurés entre le 1er avril 1996 et le 31 mars 2013 par la Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). Les résultats montrent que les cas de suicide avec et sans TM/D avaient moins tendance à consulter (oui/non) dans l’année qui précède le décès et avaient moins tendance à être de grands utilisateurs de services de santé (c’est-à-dire au moins 4 visites) que le groupe témoin des personnes vivantes. Les cas de suicide sans TM/D diagnostiqués avaient plus tendance à se rendre uniquement à l’urgence. Le groupe de personnes décédées par suicide avec TM/D avait plus tendance à consulter en ambulatoire et à l’urgence que les deux autres groupes. Le groupe témoin des personnes vivantes avec un TM/D était plus enclin à consulter en ambulatoire seulement. Des études futures devraient se focaliser sur des analyses multivariées afin de comparer les profils d’utilisation des services de santé et les raisons de consultations des cas de suicide et les personnes vivantes avec différents TM/D.
Mots-clés :
- suicide,
- trouble de santé mentale et dépendance,
- utilisation des services de santé,
- SISMACQ
Abstract
Objectives Population based studies on linked health administrative databases (HADBs) characterizing those who die by suicide and their use of health services are rare. The objectives of this study were to describe the use of health services among people who died by suicide in Quebec, with and without previously receiving a mental disorder (MD) and dependencies (D) (MD/D) diagnosis, and (2) living Quebecers diagnosed with MD/D.
Methods This study is based on an analysis of data from the Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System of Quebec (SISMACQ), which combines databases on outpatient medical and emergency services and hospitalizations. The population of the study consists of Quebecers aged 15 years and over and insured between April 1, 1996 and March 31, 2013 under the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). For the purposes of this study, the 7 years preceding suicide were examined in the HADBDS for the three following cohort groups: (i) cases of suicide with a diagnosed MD/D in the 7 years preceding the date of death; (ii) cases of suicide without a MD/D diagnosis in the 7 years preceding the date of death; and (iii) a control group of living persons at the time of death of the suicide case (5 controls, 1 case) with a MD/D diagnosis within 7 years matched by region, sex and age group of the case.
Results The results show that cases of suicide without a MD/D (about 25% of suicide cases) were less likely to have consulted than those with a MD/D. Suicide cases with and without a MD/D were less likely to be heavy users of ambulatory health services (≥ 4 visits) than matched living controls. They were also more likely to consult for a physical disorder alone and less likely to consult for mental health reasons. Compared to cases of suicide with a MD/D, suicide cases without MD/D were less likely to be hospitalized and more likely to have visited only an emergency room. Suicide cases diagnosed with a MD/D were more likely to be hospitalized and use emergency services alone than the other two groups. Matched living controls with a MD/D were more likely to use outpatient services alone.
Conclusions These results should be compared with those emerging from systematic suicide case audits. These show a prevalence of mental disorders of 90%, especially depression, personality disorders and substance use disorders. They also show deficits in the recognition and treatment of mental disorders, which would correspond to the 25% of cases of suicide in the HADBs not diagnosed in the last 7 years. Future studies should include multivariate analyses to better elucidate health service use trajectories and patient vulnerability profiles.
Keywords:
- suicide,
- SISMACQ,
- health service use,
- identified mental disorders and dependencies
Parties annexes
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