Résumés
Résumé
Les ruptures amoureuses et les divorces sont de plus en plus fréquents en Occident. La rupture d’une relation amoureuse est une épreuve difficile qui génère une détresse émotionnelle importante. Certains individus vivant une rupture peuvent même poser un geste suicidaire. Le lien entre la rupture amoureuse et le comportement suicidaire est bien documenté, mais d’autres facteurs de risque sont moins connus. La présente étude a investigué le rôle des insécurités d’attachement amoureux (anxiété d’abandon, évitement de l’intimité) dans la survenue des symptômes dépressifs et des comportements suicidaires (pensées et tentatives) à la suite d’une rupture. Pour ce faire, 50 adultes ayant vécu une rupture amoureuse dans les six derniers mois ont été recrutés auprès d’organismes d’aide ainsi que dans la communauté. Un doctorant formé en crise suicidaire a administré verbalement des échelles validées d’attachement amoureux, de symptômes dépressifs et de comportements suicidaires lors d’une entrevue individuelle. Les résultats des analyses de régression multiple ont montré que l’anxiété d’abandon des adultes vivant une rupture est liée à davantage de symptômes dépressifs, ainsi qu’à la sévérité et l’intensité des idées suicidaires. Ces effets demeurent lorsque l’utilisation du réseau social est contrôlée. L’évitement de l’intimité n’est pas lié à ces variables. Des pistes d’évaluation et d’intervention sont proposées.
Mots-clés :
- rupture amoureuse,
- divorce,
- suicide,
- comportement suicidaire,
- attachement amoureux,
- symptômes dépressifs
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the associations among romantic attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) and depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideas, suicide attempts) following a romantic breakup. The moderating role of gender in these associations was also examined.
Methods A sample of 50 French-Canadian adults who experienced a breakup in the last six months were recruited through publicity in the community and help centers (e.g., suicidal prevention centers, community crisis centers). A doctoral student verbally administered validated measures of romantic attachment (Lafontaine et al., 2016), depressive symptoms (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), and suicidal behaviours (Posner et al., 2009).
Results Results from hierarchical regression analyses revealed that attachment-related anxiety – but not avoidance – was significantly related to higher levels of post breakup depressive symptoms and suicidal ideas (severity and intensity), even after controlling for attachment-related avoidance and social support. Gender did not moderate theses associations.
Conclusion This study highlights the importance of attachment theory to understand post break-up adjustment. The findings emphasize the preponderant role of attachment-related anxiety in the development of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideas, which should be assessed when adult patients seek help after a break-up. Limitations of the study and future research are discussed.
Keywords:
- break-up,
- divorce,
- suicide,
- suicidal behaviour,
- attachment,
- depression
Parties annexes
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