Résumés
Résumé
La neuroanatomie fine des troubles de l’humeur et du suicide est une discipline relativement récente. En complément à la neuroimagerie, à la biologie moléculaire et à la biochimie, les analyses histologiques post-mortem des circuiteries cérébrales impliquées dans la régulation de l’humeur permettent de mieux comprendre les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires qui sous-tendent la dépression majeure et le suicide. Dans cet article, je discute de travaux récents réalisés au sein de mon laboratoire sur la neuroanatomie fine du cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA). Plus particulièrement, je présente des résultants qui indiquent que les astrocytes fibreux de la matière blanche du CCA sont hypertrophiés chez des dépressifs qui se sont suicidés. Ces données sont interprétées dans le contexte de l’hypothèse neuro-immunitaire de la dépression et du suicide.
Abstract
The fine neuroanatomy of mood disorders and suicide is a relatively recent field of investigation. Together with neuroimaging, molecular biology and biochemistry, histological analyses of post-mortem brain regions implicated in mood regulation allow gaining a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying major depression and suicide. In this article, the author discusses recent studies conducted in his laboratory on the fine neuroanatomy of the anterior cingular cortex (ACC). In particular, he presents data showing that ACC white matter fibrous astrocytes are hypertrophic in depressed suicides compared to matched sudden-death controls. These data are interpreted in the context of the neuroimmune hypothesis of major depression and suicide.
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Azevedo, F. A. C., Carvalho, L. R. B., Grinberg, L. T., Farfel, J. M., Ferretti, R. E. L., Leite, R. E. P., Filho, W. J., Lent, R., Herculano-Houzel, S., 2009, Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 513, 5, 532-541.
- Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J. B., Putnam, K., 2002, Depression : perspectives from affective neuroscience, Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 545-574.
- Dumais, A., Lesage, A.D., Alda, M., Rouleau, G., Dumont, M., Chawky, N., et al., 2005, Risk factors for suicide completion in major depression : a case-control study of impulsive and aggressive behaviors in men, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 11, 2116-2124.
- Ernst, C., Deleva, V., Deng, X., Sequeira, A., Pomarenski, A., Klempan, T., et al., 2009, Alternative splicing, methylation state, and expression profile of tropomyosin-related kinase B in the frontal cortex of suicide completers, Archives of General Psychiary, 66, 1, 22-32.
- Hercher, C., Canetti, L., Turecki, G., Mechawar, N., 2010, Anterior cingulate pyramidal neurons display altered dendritic branching in depressed suicides, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 5, 286-293.
- Hercher, C., Turecki, G., Mechawar, N., 2009, Through the looking glass : examining neuroanatomical evidence for cellular alterations in major depression, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 11, 947-961.
- Herman, J.P., Ostrander, M. M., Mueller, N. K., Figueiredo, H., 2005, Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation : hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 29, 8, 1201-1213.
- Jollant, F., Lawrence, N.L., Olié, E., Guillaume, S., Courtet, P., 2011, The suicidal mind and brain : a review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies, World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12, 5, 319-339.
- Maes, M., Yirmyia, R., Noraberg, J., Brene, S., Hibbeln, J., Perini, G., et al., 2009, The inflammatory & neurodegenerative (I & ND) hypothesis of depression : leads for future research and new drug developments in depressio, Metabolic Brain Disease, 24, 1, 27-53.
- Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., Voon, V., Mcneely, H. E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J. M., Kennedy, S. H., 2005, Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, Neuron, 45, 5, 651-60.
- Mcgowan, P.O., Sasaki, A., D’alessio, A .C., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G., Meaney, M. J., 2009, Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse, Nature Neuroscience, 12, 3, 342-348.
- Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Baucom, C., Dilley, G., Overhoser, J. C., Meltzer, H.Y., Stockmeier, C. A., et al., 2000, Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex distinguishes younger from older adults in major depressive disorder, Biological Psychiatry, 48, 8, 861-873.
- Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., Raison, C. L., 2009, Inflammation and its discontents : the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression, Biological Psychiatry, 65, 9, 732-741.
- Nestler, E. J., Barrot, M., Dileone, R. J., Eisch, A. J., Gold, S. J., Monteggia, L. M., 2002, Neurobiology of depression, Neuron, 34, 1, 13-25.
- Oberheim, N. A., Takano, T., Han, X., He, W., Lin, J. H., Wang, F., et al., 2009, Uniquely hominid features of adult human astrocytes, The Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 10, 3276-3287.
- Oberheim, N. A., Wang, X., Goldman, S., Nedergaard, M., 2006, Astrocytic complexity distinguishes the human brain, Trends in Neuroscience, 29, 10, 547-553.
- Pandey, G. N., Rizavi, H. S., Ren, X., Fareed, J., Hoppensteadt, D. A., Roberts, R.C., Conley, R. R., Dwivedi, Y., 2012, Proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex of teenage suicide victims, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 1, 57-63.
- Pruessner, J.C., Dedovic, K., Khalili-Mahani, N., Engert, V., Pruessner, M., Buss, C., et al., 2008, Deactivation of the limbic system during acute psychosocial stress : evidence from positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, Biological Psychiatry, 63, 2, 234-240.
- Si, X., Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., O’dwyer, G., Stockmeier, C. A., Rajkowska, G., 2004, Age-dependent reductions in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the prefrontal cortex in major depression, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 11, 2088-2096.
- Sofroniew, M. V., Vinters, H. V., 2010, Astocytes : biology and pathology, Acta Neuropathologica, 119, 1, 7-35.
- Spruston, N., 2008, Pyramidal neurons : dendritic structure and synaptic integration, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 3, 206-221.
- Tham, M. W., Woon, P. S., Sum, M.Y., Lee, T. S., Sim, K., 2010, White matter abnormalities in major depression : Evidence from post-mortem, neuroimaging and genetic studies, Journal of Affective Disorders, 132, 1-2, 26-36.
- Tonelli, L. H., Stiller, J., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Schneider, B., Maurer, K., et al., 2008, Elevated cytokine expression in the orbitofrontal cortex of victims of suicide, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 117, 3, 198-206.
- Torres-Platas, S. G., Hercher, C., Davoli, M. A., Maussion, G., Labonté, B., Turecki, G., Mechawar, N., 2011, Astrocytic hypertrophy in anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides, Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 13, 2650-2658.