Résumés
Résumé
Le trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) est un problème psychopathologique complexe et les données récentes issues des neurosciences permettent une compréhension plus précise des bases neurobiologiques de ses manifestations. Cet article vise à étayer la proposition que le TPL dépend en partie d’un dysfonctionnement frontal et exécutif qui perturbe les mécanismes nécessaires au fonctionnement optimal des inférences propres à l’utilisation d’une « théorie de l’esprit ». Pour soutenir ce propos, quatre ensembles d’observations sont examinés : les parallèles entre la personnalité dite frontale et le TPL, la présence de déficits cognitifs de type frontal chez le TPL, les conséquences sur le développement cérébral d’une enfance marquée par l’abus et la négligence et enfin, les résultats des études d’imagerie cérébrale. Cet article s’inscrit dans un courant de pensée qui vise l’intégration de la perspective neuroscientifique du TPL aux conceptualisations psychopathologiques actuelles. L’objectif étant d’offrir une conceptualisation du TPL qui évite la traditionnelle dichotomie esprit/cerveau, psychologie/biologie et de dégager des points de convergence entre la psychologie clinique et la neurobiologie.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychopathology. Through recent developments, neuroscience is able to contribute to better understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of BPD manifestations. This article aims to demonstrate that BPD is in part due to executive and frontal dysregulation of the mechanisms responsible for the optimal functioning of inferences specific to theory of mind. To do so, four types of observations will be examined: parallels between frontal personality and BPD, the presence of frontal cognitive deficits in BPD, the consequences of childhood abuse and neglect on brain development and finally, the results of brain imagery in BPD. This article follows in the path of a growing interest in the integration of the neuroscientific perspective of BPD to current conceptualisations in psychopathology. The final aim is to try to offer an understanding of BPD manifestations that avoids the traditional splitting between mind and brain—psychology and biology—and to show the numerous associations between clinical psychology and neurobiology.
Resumen
El trastorno de la personalidad límite (TPL) es un problema psicopatológico complejo. Los datos recientes provenientes de las neurociencias permiten una comprensión más precisa de las bases neurobiológicas de sus manifestaciones. Este artículo busca apoyar la proposición de que el TPL depende en parte de una disfunción frontal y ejecutiva que perturba los mecanismos necesarios para el funcionamiento óptimo de las inferencias propias a la utilización de una “teoría de la mente”. Para sostener esta propuesta, se examinan cuatro grupos de observaciones: los paralelos entre la personalidad frontal y el TPL, la presencia de déficits cognitivos de tipo frontal en el TPL, las consecuencias en el desarrollo cerebral de una infancia marcada por el abuso y la negligencia y, por último, los resultados de los estudios de neuroimágenes. Este artículo se inscribe en una corriente de pensamiento que busca la integración de la perspectiva neurocientífica del TPL a las conceptualizaciones psicopatológicas actuales. El objetivo es ofrecer una conceptualización del TPL que evite la dicotomía tradicional mente/cerebro, psicología/biología, y destacar los puntos de convergencia entre la psicología clínica y la neurobiología.
Resumo
O Transtorno de Personalidade Limite (TPL) é um problema psicopatológico complexo, e os dados recentes vindos das neurociências permitem uma compreensão mais precisa das bases neurobiológicas de suas manifestações. Este artigo visa apoiar a proposta de que o TPL depende em parte de um distúrbio frontal e executivo que perturba os mecanismos necessários ao funcionamento ideal das inferências próprias à utilização de uma “teoria do espírito”. Para confirmar esta proposta, quatro grupos de observações são examinados: os paralelos entre a personalidade dita frontal e o TPL, a presença de déficits cognitivos de tipo frontal nas pessoas que sofrem de TPL, as consequências sobre o desenvolvimento cerebral de uma infância marcada pelo abuso e pela negligência e, finalmente, os resultados dos estudos de imagens cerebrais. Este artigo inscreve-se em uma corrente de pensamento que visa a integração da perspectiva neurocientífica do TPL às conceitualizações psicopatológicas atuais. O objetivo é oferecer uma conceitualização do TPL que evita a tradicional dicotomia espírito/cérebro, psicologia/ biologia, e ressaltar pontos de convergência entre a psicologia clínica e a neurobiologia.
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