Résumés
Résumé
La psychothérapie interpersonnelle (PTI) a d’abord été conçue en tant qu’approche psychothérapeutique pour traiter la dépression, mais on l’a depuis largement utilisée pour traiter plusieurs autres pathologies. Récemment, on a aussi adapté la PTI à un format de groupe, qui comporte à la fois les avantages et les désavantages des autres psychothérapies de groupe. Utilisée pour la première fois par Wilfley et ses collègues, cette adaptation garde les principales caractéristiques de la PTI, c’est-à-dire le rôle central de l’axe interpersonnel et l’identification d’un (ou de deux) des quatre domaines interpersonnels problématiques (le deuil pathologique, la transition de rôle, les conflits de rôles et les déficits interpersonnels). L’adaptation conserve aussi le rôle actif du thérapeute et du patient individuel au sein du groupe. À ce jour, la psychothérapie interpersonnelle adaptée aux groupes (PTI-G) a servi à traiter plusieurs pathologies (les Troubles des conduites alimentaires non spécifiques, la boulimie, les troubles dépressifs et les troubles de stress post-traumatique [TSPT]) et ce, auprès de plusieurs populations (adolescents, aînés, femmes enceintes ou « nouvelles mères », femmes toxicomanes incarcérées). Bien que la qualité générale des études sur les résultats soit à ce jour plutôt pauvre, l’examen de l’état actuel des connaissances indique que la PTI-G peut s’avérer utile et qu’elle peut présenter un certain nombre d’avantages dans le traitement de divers troubles psychiatriques auprès de plusieurs populations de patients.
Abstract
Interpersonal Psychotherapy was conceived as a psychotherapeutic approach to treating Depression, but has since now been broadly used to treat many other disorders. It has also recently been adapted to delivery in the group setting, with both advantages and disadvantages as other group psychotherapies. This adaptation, first used by Wilfley and colleagues, maintained the main features of IPT, i.e. the central role of the interpersonal focus and identification of one (or two) out of four problem interpersonal areas (Grief; Role Transition; Role Disputes; Interpersonal Deficits). It also kept the active role of the therapist and individual patient within the group. To date, G-IPT has been used for several diseases (Eating Disorders not Otherwise Specified, Bulimia Nervosa, Depressive Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) and several populations (Adolescents, Older People, Pregnant Women or “New-Mothers,” Substance-abusing Female Prisoners). Although the overall quality of most of outcome studies is to date quite poor, the review of the current state of knowledge shows the G-IPT may be helpful and present a number of advantages to treat different psychiatric disorders in several populations of patients.
Resumen
La psicoterapia interpersonal (PTI) fue inicialmente concebida como enfoque psicoterapéutico para tratar la depresión, pero desde entonces ha sido utilizada ampliamente para tratar varias otras patologías. Recientemente también ha sido adaptada a un formato de grupo que comprende a la vez las ventajas y desventajas de las otras psicoterapias de grupo. Utilizada la primera vez por Wilfley y sus colegas, esta adaptación conserva las principales características de la PTI, es decir, el rol central del eje interpersonal y la identificación de uno (o dos) de los cuatro aspectos interpersonales problemáticos (el duelo patológico, la transición del rol, los conflictos de roles y los déficits interpersonales). La adaptación conserva también el rol activo del terapeuta y del paciente individual en el seno del grupo. A la fecha, la psicoterapia interpersonal adaptada a los grupos (PTI-G) ha servido para tratar varias patologías (los trastornos de conductas alimenticias no específicos, la bulimia, los trastornos depresivos y los trastornos de estrés postraumático [TSPT], en pacientes de diversas poblaciones (adolescentes, ancianos, mujeres embarazadas o “madres primerizas”, mujeres toxicómanas encarceladas). Aunque la calidad general de los estudios acerca de los resultados a la fecha es más bien pobre, el examen del estado actual de los conocimientos indica que la PTI-G puede ser útil y puede presentar un cierto número de ventajas en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos psiquiátricos en varias poblaciones de pacientes.
Resumo
A Psicoterapia Interpessoal (PTI) foi concebida primeiramente como abordagem psicoterapêutica para tratar a depressão, mas desde então, ela é vastamente utilizada para tratar várias outras patologias. Recentemente, ela foi adaptada ao formato de grupo, que comporta ao mesmo tempo as vantagens e as desvantagens das outras psicoterapias de grupo. Utilizada pela primeira vez por Wilfley e seus colegas, esta adaptação mantém as principais características da PTI, ou seja, o papel central do eixo interpessoal e a identificação de uma (ou de duas) das quatro áreas interpessoais problemáticas (luto patológico, transição de papéis, conflitos de papéis e déficits interpessoais). A adaptação conserva também o papel ativo do terapeuta e do paciente individual dentro do grupo. Até hoje, a psicoterapia interpessoal adaptada aos grupos (PTI-G) serviu para tratar várias patologias (Transtornos de condutas alimentares não específicas, bulimia, transtornos depressivos e transtornos de estresse pós-traumático [TSPT]) junto a várias populações (adolescentes, idosos, mulheres grávidas, ou “novas mães”, mulheres toxicômanas detidas). Apesar da qualidade geral dos estudos sobre os resultados ser até hoje relativamente pobre, o exame do estado atual dos conhecimentos indica que a PTI-G pode tornar-se útil e que ela pode apresentar um certo número de vantagens no tratamento de vários transtornos psiquiátricos junto a várias populações de pacientes.
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