Résumés
Résumé
Le trouble bipolaire est un trouble de l’humeur relativement sévère, caractérisé par la récurrence d’épisodes thymiques maniaques et dépressifs. Malgré les traitements stabilisateurs de l’humeur une partie significative des patients expérimentent des rechutes thymiques, des symptômes intercritiques et une altération du fonctionnement socioprofessionnel. De plus une partie des patients n’adhère pas aux traitements proposés. Cet article propose une revue des traitements psychoéducatifs et cognitivo comportementaux du trouble bipolaire (TCC). Méthode : Les études ont été identifiés via une recherche Medline recensant les études publiées entre 1971 et 2005. Résultats : Les traitements psychoéducatifs tendent à améliorer les connaissances sur la maladie, l’adhérence au traitement, la capacité à faire face aux prodromes des épisodes maniaques et à réduire les risques de rechute maniaque. Les TCC tendent à réduire les symptômes dépressifs, à améliorer l’adhésion aux traitements et à réduire les risques de rechute maniaque ou dépressive. TCC et traitements psychoéducatifs partagent le même modèle de la maladie. Il est donc difficile de départager clairement l’impact de l’une ou l’autre des interventions. Enfin peu d’études ont ciblé de manière spécifique les patients ayant une mauvaise adhérence aux stabilisateurs de l’humeur. Il serait important de développer là des interventions plus spécifiques. Conclusion : Les patients bipolaires semblent bénéficier des interventions psychoéducatives et TCC en complément de traitements pharmacologiques usuels. Des études ultérieures contrôlant notamment les aspects pharmacologiques, le degré d’adhésion au traitement et la sévérité du trouble pourraient remédier aux limitations des premières recherches.
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe mood disorder characterized by recurrence of mania and depression. Despite the use of mood stabilizers, a significant proportion of bipolar patients experience relapse, psychosocial impairment and persistent symptoms. A significant part of patients show poor adhesion to the pharmacological treatment. This article aims to provide an overview of research focusing on psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) of bipolar patients. Method: Studies were identified through Medlinesearches between 1971 and 2005. Results: Studies on bipolar patients suggest that psychoeducational interventions may improve treatment adherence, illness knowledge, ability to cope with early manic symptoms and tend to reduce the risk of manic relapses. CBT tends to diminish depressive symptoms, improve treatment adherence and reduce the risk of depressive and manic relapses. Most psychoeducational and CBT studies share a common medical model of the illness, thereby making clear distinctions of impact of each intervention difficult. Few studies focused on patients with problems with mood stabilizers adherence. It is now important to develop specific interventions for those patients. Conclusion: According to these studies, bipolar patients are likely to benefit from psychoeducational or CBT interventions added to usual pharmacotherapy. In order to overcome limitations of existing research, future studies should adjust for the effect of pharmological treatment, the type and severity of psychopathology at baseline, the acceptance of and the adaptability to the illness and it’s awareness.
Resumen
El trastorno bipolar es un trastorno del humor relativamente severo, caracterizado por la recurrencia de episodios tímicos maniacos y depresivos. A pesar de los tratamientos de estabilización del humor, una parte significativa de los pacientes experimenta recaídas tímicas, síntomas intercríticos y una alteración del funcionamiento socioprofesional. Además, una parte de los pacientes no sigue los tratamientos propuestos. Este artículo propone una revisión de los tratamientos psicoeducativos y cognitivo comportamentales del trastorno bipolar (TCC). Método: Los estudios fueron identificados por medio de una investigación Medline que hizo el recuento de los estudios publicados entre 1971 y 2005. Resultados: Los tratamientos psicoeducativos tienden a mejorar los conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad, la observancia del tratamiento, la capacidad de hacer frente a los pródromos de episodios maniacos y de reducir los riesgos de una recaída maniaca. Las TCC tienden a reducir los síntomas depresivos, a mejorar la observancia de los tratamientos y a reducir los riesgos de recaídas maniacas o depresivas. Las TCC y los tratamientos psicoeducativos comparten el mismo modelo de la enfermedad. En consecuencia, es difícil separar claramente el impacto de una u otra intervención. Por último, pocos estudios se han centrado de manera específica en los pacientes con una mala observancia de los estabilizadores del humor. Sería importante desarrollar intervenciones más específicas para ello. Conclusión: Los pacientes bipolares parecen beneficiarse de las intervenciones psicoeducativas y TCC como complemento de los tratamientos farmacológicos usuales. Estudios posteriores que controlen específicamente los aspectos farmacológicos, el grado de adhesión al tratamiento y la severidad del trastorno podrían remediar las limitaciones de las primeras investigaciones.
Resumo
O transtorno bipolar é um transtorno do humor relativamente grave, caracterizado pela recorrência de episódios tímicos maníacos e depressivos. Apesar dos tratamentos estabilizadores de humor, uma parte importante dos pacientes sofre de recaídas tímicas, de sintomas intercríticos e de uma alteração do funcionamento socioprofissional. Além disto, alguns pacientes não aderem aos tratamentos propostos. Este artigo propõe uma revisão dos tratamentos psicoeducativos e cognitivo-comportamentais do transtorno bipolar (TCC). Método: Os estudos foram identificados através de uma pesquisa no banco de dados Medline que fez um recenseamento dos estudos publicados entre 1971 e 2005. Resultados: Os tratamentos psicoeducativos tendem a melhorar os conhecimentos sobre a doença, a adesão ao tratamento, a capacidade de fazer face aos pródromos dos episódios maníacos e a reduzir os riscos de recaída maníaca. Os TCC tendem a reduzir os sintomas depressivos, a melhorar a adesão aos tratamentos e a reduzir os riscos de recaída maníaca ou depressiva. TCC e tratamentos psicoeducativos dividem o mesmo modelo da doença. É, então, difícil separar claramente o impacto de uma ou outra intervenção. Finalmente, poucos estudos trataram de maneira específica os pacientes tendo uma má adesão aos estabilizadores do humor. Seria importante desenvolver intervenções mais específicas neste campo. Conclusão: Os pacientes bipolares parecem se beneficiar das intervenções psicoeducativas e TCC complementando tratamentos farmacológicos usuais. Estudos posteriores que controlem principalmente os aspectos farmacológicos, o grau de adesão ao tratamento e a severidade do transtorno poderiam remediar as limitações das primeiras pesquisas.
Parties annexes
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