Résumés
Résumé
Les couples lesbiens se distinguent des couples hétérosexuels par le fait qu’ils sont contraints de développer leurs relations de couple dans un contexte de sanctions sociales, ce qui pourrait augmenter l’importance de la qualité des liens avec l’entourage. De plus, la divulgation de l’orientation sexuelle représente une caractéristique de cette population qui agit sur l’ajustement psychologique et qui pourrait influencer le soutien familial. Cette étude examine l’effet du coming-out et du soutien familial sur l’ajustement conjugal des mères lesbiennes ayant eu leur(s) enfant(s) dans le contexte d’une relation hétérosexuelle. Nous nous attendons à ce que le soutien familial soit un médiateur du lien entre le coming-out et l’ajustement conjugal. Cinquante-cinq mères lesbiennes en couple ont rempli des questionnaires portant sur la perception du soutien familial, le coming-out et l’ajustement conjugal. Les résultats révèlent un lien positif entre le coming-out et le soutien familial et entre le soutien familial et l’ajustement conjugal, mais aucun lien entre le coming-out et l’ajustement conjugal. Le modèle de médiation n’est pas confirmé. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées.
Abstract
Lesbian couples differ from heterosexual couples in that they must develop their relationship within an environment that is generally unsympathetic to homosexuality, a fact that could accentuate the importance of family support. Furthermore, the disclosure of their sexual orientation by lesbian couples could also affect the support given by family members. The present study examines the effect of coming-out and family support on the relationship adjustment of lesbian mothers whose children were born within a heterosexual context. It was expected that family support would mediate the relationship between coming-out and relationship adjustment. Fifty-five lesbian mothers currently in a relationship answered questions about their perception of family support, on their coming-out behaviour and their relationship adjustment. Results revealed a positive relationship between coming-out and family support, and between family support and relationship adjustment, however no association was found between coming-out and relationship adjustment. The mediation model was therefore not confirmed. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of these results.
Resumen
Las parejas lesbianas se distinguen de las parejas heterosexuales por el hecho de que están restringidas a desarrollar sus relaciones de pareja en un contexto de sanciones sociales, lo que podría aumentar la importancia de la calidad de las relaciones con el entorno. Además, la divulgación de la orientación sexual representa una característica de esta población que actúa sobre el ajuste psicológico y que podría influir en el apoyo familiar. Este estudio examina el efecto de “salir del armario” y del apoyo familiar en el ajuste conyugal de las madres lesbianas que tienen hijo(s) en el contexto de una relación heterosexual. Esperamos que el apoyo familiar sea un mediador de la relación entre el “salir del armario” y el ajuste conyugal. Cincuenta y cinco madres lesbianas en pareja respondieron los cuestionarios acerca de la percepción del apoyo familiar, el “salir del armario” y el ajuste conyugal. Los resultados revelan una relación positiva entre el “salir del armario” y el apoyo familiar, y entre el apoyo familiar y el ajuste conyugal, pero no se confirmó ninguna relación entre el “salir del armario” y el ajuste conyugal. El modelo de mediación no ha sido confirmado. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.
Resumo
Os casais de lésbicas distinguem-se dos casais heterossexuais pelo fato que eles são forçados a desenvolver suas relações amorosas em um contexto de sanções sociais, o que poderia aumentar a importância da qualidade das relações com o meio. Além disto, a divulgação da orientação sexual representa uma característica desta população que age no ajustamento psicológico e que poderia influenciar o apoio familiar. Este estudo examina o efeito do “coming-out” e do apoio familiar no ajustamento conjugal das mães lésbicas que tiveram filhos no contexto de uma relação heterossexual. Esperamos que o apoio familiar seja um mediador da relação entre o “coming-out” e o ajustamento conjugal. 55 mães lésbicas em casal preencheram questionários sobre a percepção do apoio familiar, o “coming-out” e o ajustamento conjugal. Os resultados revelam uma relação positiva entre o “coming-out” e o apoio familiar e entre o apoio familiar e o ajustamento conjugal, mas nenhuma relação entre o “coming-out” e o ajustamento conjugal. O modelo de mediação não foi confirmado. As implicações destes resultados são discutidas.
Parties annexes
Références
- Ayala, J., Coleman, H., 2000, Predictors of depression among lesbian women. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 4, 71-86.
- Baron, R. M., Kenny, D. A., 1986, The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
- Bepko, C., Johnson, T., 2000, Gay and lesbian couples in therapy : Perspective for the contemporary family therapist, Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 26, 409-419.
- Berger, R. M., 1990, Passing : Impact on the quality of same-sex couple relationships. Social Work, 35, 328-332.
- Berzon, B., 1988, Permanent Partners : Building Gay and Lesbian Relationships that Last, New York, NY, Dutton.
- Chartrand, E., Julien. D., 1994, Validation of a French-Canadian version of the Interactional Dimensions Coding System (IDCS), Canadian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 26, 319-337.
- Chartrand, E., Julien, D., 1996, Gay and lesbian couples’ social integration in their social network and dyadic adjustment, Science et Comportement, 25, 39-54.
- Cherlin, A. J., Furstenberg, F. F., 1992, The New American Grandparent, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
- Cohen, S., Wills, T. A., 1985, Stress, social support, and the buffering effect hypothesis, Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
- D’Augelli, A. R., 1991, Gay men in college : Identity processes and adaptations, Journal of College Student Development, 32, 140-146.
- D’Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S. L., Pilkington, N. W., 1998, Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families : Disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, 361-371.
- Daveluy, C., Pica, L., Audet, N., Courtemanche, R., Lapointe, F., 2000, Enquête sociale et de santé 1998, Institut de la statistique du Québec.
- Eggebeen, D. J., 1992, Family structure and intergenerational exchanges, Research on Aging, 14, 427-447.
- Erel, O., Burman, B., 1995, Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations : A meta-analytic review, Psychological Bulletin, 118, 108-132
- Gentile, A. M., 1987, Intimate Relationships and Adjustment to Retirement among Heterosexual, Lesbian and Gay Male Couples, Dissertation Abstracts International, 48 (6-8), 1844..
- Golombok, S., Perry, B., Burston, A., Murray, C., Mooney-Somers, J., Stevens, M., Golding, J., 2003, Children with lesbian parents : A community study, Developmental Psychology, 39, 20-33.
- Green, R. J., Bettinger, M., Zacks, E., 1996, Are lesbian couples fused and gay male couples disengaged ? Questioning gender straightjackets, in Laird, J., and Green, R. G., eds., Lesbians and Gays in Couples and Families : A Handbook for Therapists, San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass, 185-230.
- Herek, G. M., 1991, Stigma, prejudice, and violence against lesbians and gay men, in J. C. Gonsiorek, J.C., Weinrich, J. D., eds., Homosexuality : Research Implications for Public Policy, Sage publications, 60-80.
- Johnson, M. P., Milardo, R. M., 1984, Network interference in pair relationships : A social psychological recasting of Slater’s theory of social regression, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 893-899.
- Jordan, K. M., Deluty, R. H., 2000, Social support, coming-out, and relationship satisfaction in lesbian couples, Journal of Lesbian Studies, 4, 145-164.
- Jordan, K. M., Deluty, R. H., 1998, Coming out for lesbian women : Its relation to anxiety, positive affectivity, self-esteem and social support, Journal of Homosexuality, 35, 41-63.
- Julien, D., Chartrand, E., Bégin, J., 1995, Life Events and Difficulties in Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Couples, Document inédit, Université du Québec à Montréal.
- Julien, D., Markman, H. J., 1991, Social support and social networks and determinants of individual and marital outcomes, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 549-568.
- Julien, D., Markman, H. J., Lindahl, K. M., 1989, A comparison of a global and a microanalytic coding system : Implications for future trends in studying interactions, Behavioral Assessment, 11, 81-100.
- Julien, D., Markman, H. J., Chartrand, E., Pizzamiglio, T., Léveillé, S., Bouthillier, D., 1991, Social Support in Distressed and Non-distressed Couples : An Interactional Analysis, Communication présentée au congrès annuel du American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
- Julien, D., Markman, H. J., Léveillé, S., Chartrand, E., 1994, Networks’ support and interference with regard to marriage : Disclosure of marital problems to confidants, Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 16-31.
- Julien, D., Tremblay, N., Bélanger, I., Dubé, M., Bégin, J., Bouthillier, D., 2000, Interaction structure of husbands’ and wives’ disclosure of marital conflict to their respective best friends, Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 286-303.
- Klein, R. C. A., Milardo, R. M., 2000, The social context of couple conflict : Support and criticism from informal third parties, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. Special Relationship Conflict, 17, 618-637.
- Kurdek, L., 1988, Perceived social support in gays and lesbians in cohabitating relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 504-509.
- Kurkek, L. A., 1991, The dissolution of gay and lesbian couples, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 265-278.
- Kurdek, L., 1995a, Assessing multiple determinants of relationship commitment in cohabitating gay, cohabiting lesbian, dating heterosexual and married heterosexual couples, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 705-722.
- Lewis, R. A., 1973, Social reaction and the formation of dyads : An interactionist approach to mate selection, Sociometry, 36, 409-418.
- Locke, H. K., Wallace, K. M., 1959, Short Marital Adjustment and Prediction test : Their reliability and validity, Marriage and Family Living, 21, 251-255.
- McWhirter, D. P., Mattison, M. A., 1984, The Male Couple : How Relationships Develop, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
- Murphy, B. C., 1989, Lesbian couples and their parents : The effect of perceived parental attitudes on the couple, Journal of Counselling and Development, 68, 46-51.
- Otis, J., Ryan, B., Chouinard, N., 1999, Impact du « Projet 10 » sur le mieux-être sexuel de jeunes gais et bisexuels, Executive report presented to the Régie régionale de la Santé et des Services sociaux Montréal Centre.
- Parks, R. R., Stan, C. M., Eggert, L. L., 1983, Romantic involvement, Social Psychology Quarterly, 46, 116-131.
- Patterson, C., 1996, Lesbian and gay parenthood, in Bornstein, M. ed., Handbook of Parenting, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 255-274.
- Peplau, L. A., 1991, Lesbian and gay relationships, in Gonsiorek, J. C., and Weinrich, J. D., eds., Homosexuality : Research Implications for Public Policy, Newbury Park, CA, Sage, 177-196.
- Peplau, L. A., Veniegas, R. C., Campbell, S. M., 1996, Gay and lesbian relationships, in Savin-William, R.C., and Cohen, K.M., eds., The Lives of Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals : Children to Adults, Orlando, FL, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 25-273.
- Procidano, M. E., Smith, W. W., 1997, Assessing perceived social support : The importance of context, in Gregory, G.R., Lakey, B., eds., Sourcebook of Social Support and Personality. The Plenum Series in Social/clinical Psychology, New York, NY, Plenum Press, 93-106.
- Roth, S., 1985, Psychotherapy with lesbian couples : Individual issues, female socialization and the social context, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11, 273-286.
- Rosario, M., Hunter, J., Maguen, S., Gwadz, M., Smith, R., 2001, The coming-out process and its adaptational and health-related associations among gay, lesbian and bisexual youths : Stipulation and exploration of a model, American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 113-160.
- Statistiques Canada, 2002, Profil des familles et des ménages canadiens : la diversification se poursuit, Tiré du World Wide Web : www.statcan.ca.
- Tinsley, B. J., Parke, R. D., 1984, Grandparents as support and socialization agents, in Lewis, M., ed., Beyond the Dyad, New York, NY, Plenum, 161-194.
- Zarit, S. H., Eggebeen, D. J., 1995, Parent-child relationships in adulthood and old age, in Bornstein, M. H., ed., Handbook of Parenting, vol. 1, Children and Parenting, Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum Associates, 119-140.