Résumés
Résumé
Cet article examine la stigmatisation et ses conséquences sur les personnes utilisatrices de services en santé mentale. L’auteur présente les résultats de trois programmes d’envergure sur la réduction de la stigmatisation implantés aux niveaux national et international. L’accent est mis sur des expériences du programme pilote canadien de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé de lutte contre la stigmatisation et la discrimination pour cause de schizophrénie (Canadian Pilot Program of the World Health Organization’s Global Program to Fight Stigma and Discrimination Because of Schizophrenia). On en tire des leçons pour de meilleures pratiques en matière de programmes anti-stigmatisation. À ce jour, les expériences suggèrent que les interventions les moins coûteuses sont probablement celles qui visent des sous-populations spécifiques. Des campagnes d’éducation populaire à grande échelle ont été décevantes et ne semblent pas produire de changements significatifs d’attitudes et de comportements. Les approches qui privilégient les contacts avec les personnes utilisatrices de services en santé mentale dans un contexte d’éducation anti-stigmatisation s’avèrent plus prometteuses.
Abstract
This paper reviews stigma and its consequences for mental health consumers, presents results from three large scale stigma-reduction programs that have been implemented at national and international levels, and focuses on the specific experiences of the Canadian Pilot Program of the World Health Organizations Global Program to Fight Stigma and Discrimination Because of Schizophrenia in order to draw lessons for better practices for anti-stigma programming. Experiences to date suggest that the most cost-effective interventions are likely to be carefully targeted to specific sub-populations. Broad-based public education campaigns have been disappointing and are unlikely to produce meaningful change in attitudes or behaviours. Approaches that employ contact with mental health consumers in the context of anti-stigma education appear most promising.
Resumen
Este artículo examina la estigmatización y sus consecuencias en los usuarios de los servicios de salud mental. El autor presenta los resultados de tres programas de gran envergadura, implantados a nivel nacional e internacional, sobre la reducción de la estigmatización. Se hace hincapié en las experiencias del programa piloto canadiense, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la lucha contra la estigmatización y la discriminación por esquizofrenia (Canadian Pilot Program of the World Health Organization’s Global Program to Fight Stigma and Discrimination Because of Schizophrenia). De este programa se obtienen lecciones para mejorar las prácticas en materia de programas contra la estigmatización. A la fecha, las experiencias sugieren que las intervenciones menos costosas son probablemente aquellas que se dirigen a subpoblaciones específicas. Las campañas de educación popular a gran escala han sido decepcionantes y no parecen producir cambios significativos de actitudes y comportamientos. Los enfoques que dan prioridad a los contactos con los usuarios de los servicios de salud mental, en un contexto de educación contra la estigmatización, parecen más prometedores.
Resumo
Este artigo examina a estigmatização e suas conseqüências sobre os usuários de serviços de saúde mental. O autor apresenta os resultados de três programas importantes sobre a redução da estigmatização implantados em nível nacional e internacional. A ênfase deste estudo pousa sobre as experiências do programa piloto canadense da Organização Mundial da Saúde na luta contra a estigmatização e a discriminação por causa da esquizofrenia (Canadian Pilot Program of the World Health Organization’s Global Program to Fight Stigma and Discrimination Because of Schizophrenia). Pode-se tirar lições sobre as melhores práticas em programas de anti-estigmatização. Até hoje, as experiências sugerem que as intervenções menos onerosas são provavelmente as que visam pequenos grupos específicos. As campanhas de educação popular em grande escala foram decepcionantes e não demonstraram produzir mudanças importantes de atitudes e de comportamentos. As abordagens que privilegiam os contatos com os usuários de serviços de saúde mental em um contexto de educação anti-estigmatização são mais promissoras.
Parties annexes
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