Résumés
Abstract
This article prints for the first time two oral presentations occasioned by visits to Brandeis University by the medievalist Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak and the classicist Gregory Nagy. The path-breaking and authoritative papers and books by these two scholars provide key insights for anthropologists working from a semiotic perspective. Bedos-Rezak’s proposal that the practice of sealing documents in pre-scholastic France can be seen as evidence for a general semiotic ideology of the “imprint” raises the possibility that the systematicity of sign processes and corresponding metasemiotic discourses reflects esoteric attempts to conceal pragmatic variability in favour of nostalgic coherence. Similarly, Nagy’s insistence on the importance of the performance contexts for the shaping of the Homeric epics is grounded in the recognition that the semiotic ideology of radical “decentring” found in these texts masks the changing course of their actual pragmatic enactment.
Résumé
Publiées ici pour la première fois, les notes qui suivent ont d’abord été occasionnées par la visite de deux chercheurs à l’Université Brandeis, la médiéviste Brigitte Miriam Bedos-Rezak et l’helléniste Gregory Nagy. Nous y montrons comment les travaux novateurs de ces deux grands spécialistes fournissent, dans leurs domaines respectifs, des éclaircissements d’une grande valeur pour les anthropologues qui travaillent dans une optique sémiotique. L’argument de Bedos-Rezak est que l’usage des sceaux pour authentifier les documents à l’époque de la France pré-scolastique témoignage d’une conception sémiotique générale, voire d’une idéologie de l’“empreinte” dès le début du Moyen-Âge. Elle avance l’idée que les pratiques sémiotiques et les discours sur le signe de cette époque reflètent des tentatives ésotériques de dissimulation de la variabilité pragmatique des processus de signification en faveur d’une cohérence nostalgique. De façon similaire, l’insistance de Nagy sur l’importance des contextes de performance dans la formation des épopées homériques repose sur l’idée que l’idéologie sémiotique d’un “décentrage” radical, souvent évoqué par les hellénistes pour expliquer la mise en écriture de la tradition orale, masque en fait le cours toujours changeant de leur actualisation pragmatique.
Parties annexes
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