Résumés
Abstract
A methodology is proposed for the calibration of river water quality models on large watersheds, in the absence of intensive measurements for water quality and quantity. This methodology is based on: 1) the use of the results from a hydrological model to provide the required hydrological variables to the water quality model; 2) five assumptions for the definition of initial and boundary conditions; 3) a three-step regionalized calibration method, in which the specific characteristics of the different subwatersheds are taken into account and 4) the adjustment of some parameters in order to reproduce processes that are not explicitly represented in the model. The regionalized calibration method relies on a comprehensive study of the land use and characteristics on each subwatershed and the definition of different sets of parameters values in distinct regions. Application to the Cau River, in Vietnam, with QUAL-GIBSI, an adaptation of the QUAL2E model, showed that: i) calibration and validation results were significantly improved by applying regionalized calibration as compared to an initial calibration for which a single set of parameters values was used for the whole simulated river stretch and ii) use of a hydrological model to provide discharge at various points in the watershed allowed to overcome the lack of detailed measurements of discharge at locations other than the watershed outlet.
Keywords:
- QUAL2E,
- sensitivity analysis,
- parameter estimation,
- dissolved oxygen,
- phosphorus,
- nitrogen
Résumé
Une méthodologie est proposée pour le calage de modèles de qualité de l’eau sur des bassins versants de grande taille où les mesures de qualité et de quantité d’eau sont rares. Cette méthodologie est basée sur : 1) l’utilisation des résultats de simulation d’un modèle hydrologique pour fournir les valeurs de variables de nature hydrologique requises par le modèle de qualité de l’eau; 2) cinq hypothèses pour la définition des conditions initiales et aux limites; 3) une méthode de calage en trois étapes, prenant en compte les caractéristiques spécifiques des différents sous-bassins versants et 4) l’ajustement de la valeur de certains paramètres de façon à reproduire les processus qui ne sont pas explicitement représentés dans le modèle. La méthode de calage régionalisée se base sur une étude exhaustive de l’occupation du sol et des caractéristiques de chaque sous-bassin versant ainsi que sur la définition de différents jeux de valeurs de paramètres dans chaque région particulière. L’application de la méthode proposée sur la rivière Cau, au Vietnam, avec QUAL-GIBSI, une adaptation du modèle QUAL2E, a montré que : i) les résultats de calage et de validation sont améliorés grâce à la méthode de calage régionalisée par rapport à un calage initial, pour lequel un seul jeu de valeurs de paramètres a été utilisé pour tout le tronçon de rivière modélisé et ii) l’utilisation d’un modèle hydrologique pour fournir des valeurs de débits en différents points du bassin versant permet de surmonter le manque de données de débits mesurées ailleurs qu’à l’exutoire du bassin versant.
Mots-clés :
- QUAL2E,
- analyse de sensibilité,
- estimation des paramètres,
- oxygène dissous,
- phosphore,
- azote
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
References
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