Résumés
Abstract
Microphytobenthic diatom communities were investigated in the high and low sections of two salt marshes of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (eastern Canada): one featuring a sandy low marsh zone (Pointe-aux-Épinettes; PE) and one with a muddy low marsh area (Pointe-au-Père; PP). Based on diatom composition and diversity, bacterial abundance, chlorophyll-a, phaeopigments and geochemical analyses (Corg, Ntot, granulometry, extracellular polymeric substances), the PP high marsh area appeared to be singular compared to the other sampling sites. Estimated surface biomass ranged from 11 to 71 g C•m-2 in the PE marsh and from 24 to 486 g C•m-2 in the PP marsh. A higher diversity of diatom species was observed in the PP high marsh area with a dominance of epipelic forms, in opposition to the dominant epipsammic forms at the other sites. Statistical analyses showed that diatom density was mainly affected by nutrient availability while the relative abundance of epipelic and epipsammic species was related to sediment grain size. This study provides original data on the composition of benthic diatoms in surface sediments in St. Lawrence saltmarshes during summer time that represent the first step to the determination of the DBI (Diatom biological index) of these northern environments.
Keywords:
- benthic diatons,
- bacteria, distribution,
- salt marshes,
- biodiversity,
- St. Lawrence Estuary
Résumé
La composition des communautés de diatomées benthiques a été étudiée dans les zones supérieures et inférieures de deux marais côtiers de l’estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent (Québec, Canada), l’un possédant un estran sableux (marais de Pointe-aux-Épinette; PE) et l’autre possédant un estran vaseux (marais de Pointe-au-Père; PP). En nous penchant sur l’abondance et la diversité des diatomées benthiques ainsi que sur les caractéristiques biogéochimiques du sédiment (abondance bactérienne totale, granulométrie, composition élémentaire, concentration de pigments, de polysaccharides), nous avons observé que la zone supérieure du marais PP constituait un milieu singulier. Une plus grande diversité de diatomées a été observée dans cette zone avec une dominance des formes épipéliques alors qu’aux autres sites, nous avons observé une prédominance des formes épipsammiques. Nos analyses statistiques ont montré que l’abondance totale de diatomées est corrélée à la disponibilité des nutriments, alors que l’abondance relative de cellules de types épipélique et épisammique est corrélée à la taille des particules de sédiment. Selon nos estimations, la biomasse associée aux diatomées variait de 11 à 71 g C•m-2 dans le marais PE et de 24 à 486 g C•m-2 dans le marais PP. Cette étude décrit pour la première fois la composition détaillée des communautés de diatomées établies dans les sédiments des marais côtiers nordiques en saison estivale et constitue un premier pas vers la détermination de l’indice biologique diatomique de ces environnements nordiques.
Mots-clés :
- diatomées benthiques,
- bactéries, distribution,
- marais côtiers,
- biodiversité,
- Estuaire du Saint-Laurent
Parties annexes
Bibliographical references
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