Résumés
Résumé
Cet article présente une recension des écrits portant sur les attitudes et comportements à l’égard du poids, de l’image corporelle et de l’alimentation des femmes enceintes. Il dresse un portrait des connaissances actuelles concernant leur expérience de la grossesse et des changements corporels, la satisfaction qu’elles éprouvent ou non à cet égard, les préoccupations que ces changements peuvent générer chez elles et, enfin, les attitudes et conduites alimentaires qu’elles adoptent pendant cette période. Les différents constats se dégageant de la documentation scientifique sont présentés. Des recommandations sont formulées quant à l’importance, dans le cadre des suivis périnataux, de s’intéresser à ces questions afin de prévenir le développement de difficultés sur le plan du rapport à l’alimentation, de craintes quant à la prise de poids et, ultimement, afin de dépister précocement des troubles de la conduite alimentaire chez les femmes enceintes, ce qui pourrait compromettre la santé de la mère et du bébé.
Mots-clés :
- maternité,
- grossesse,
- image corporelle,
- attitudes et conduites alimentaires,
- troubles des conduites alimentaires,
- recension des écrits
Abstract
This article presents a review of scientific literature on pregnant women’s attitudes and eating behaviours, and their concerns about weight gain, body image and food. It aims to describe what is currently known about satisfaction and preoccupations regarding physical changes, body image, food and weight gain associated with pregnancy. A number of key findings emerging from the literature are presented; recommendations are proposed on the importance of including some questions concerning eating habits and weight gain fears during perinatal assessment, in order to prevent the development of eating disorders that may potentially endanger the health of the mother and foetus.
Keywords:
- motherhood,
- pregnancy,
- body image,
- eating attitudes and behaviours,
- eating disorders,
- literature review
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Abraham, S., King, W., & Llewellyn-Jones, D. (1994). Attitudes to body weight, weight gain and eating behavior in pregnancy. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 15(4), 189-195.
- Achim, J., Lafortune, D., Laurier, Jeammet, P., & Corcos, M. (2012). Perspective de la maternité et troubles des conduits alimentaires : une exploration de l’univers de « l’avant-conception ». L’Évolution psychiatrique, 77(2), 247-264.
- Achim, J., Meilleur, D., & Couturier, F. (2013). Maternité et alimentation : Évaluation des attitudes et comportements à l’égard de l’alimentation, du poids et de l’image corporelle chez des femmes enceintes québécoises. Document inédit. Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada.
- Amorim, A. R., Rössner, S., Neovius, M., Lourenço, P. M., & Linné, Y. (2007). Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI? Obesity, 15(5), 1278-1286.
- Anderson, V. N., Fleming, A. S., & Steiner, M. (1994). Mood and the transition to motherhood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 12(2), 69-77.
- Astrachan-Fletcher, E., Veldhuis, C., Lively, N., Fowler, C., & Marcks, B. (2008). The reciprocal effects of eating disorders and the postpartum period: A review of the literature and recommendations for clinical care. Journal of Women’s Health, 17(2), 227-239.
- Baeten, J. M., Bukusi, E. A., & Lambe, M. (2001). Pregnancy complications and outcomes among overweight and obese nulliparous women. American Journal of Public Health, 91(3), 436-440.
- Baker, C. W., Carter, A. S., Cohen, L. R., & Brownell, K. D. (1999). Eating attitudes and behaviors in pregnancy and postpartum: Global stability versus specific transitions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21(2), 143-148.
- Blais, M. A., Becker, A. E., Burwell, R. A., Flores, A. T., Nussbaum, K. M., Greenwood, D. N., et al. (2000). Pregnancy: Outcome and impact on symptomatology in a cohort of eating-disordered women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27(2), 140-149.
- Blissett, J., & Haycraft, E. (2011). Parental eating disorder symptoms and observations of mealtime interactions with children. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70(4), 368-371.
- Bodnar, L. M., Ness, N. B., Markovic, N., & Roberts, J. M. (2005). The risk of preeclampsia rises with increasing prepregnancy body mass index. Annals of Epidemiology, 15(7), 475-482.
- Brown, A., Rance, J., & Warren, L. (2015). Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery, 31(1), 80-89.
- Buvat-Herbaut, M, Hebbinckuys, P., Lemaire, A., & Buvat, J. (1983). Attitudes toward weight, body image, eating, menstruation, pregnancy, and sexuality in 81 cases of anorexia compared with 288 normal control school girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(4), 45-59.
- Bydlowski, M. (1997). La dette de vie : Itinéraire psychanalytique de la maternité. Paris : PUF.
- Cash, T. F. (1990). The psychology of physical appearance: Aesthetics, attributes, and images. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Éds), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (p. 51-79). New York, NY : Guilford.
- Cash, T. F., Fleming, E. C., Alindogan, J., Steadman, L., & Whitehead, A. (2002). Beyond body image as a trait: The development and validation of the body image states scale. Eating Disorders, 10(2), 103-113.
- Chang, S.-R., Chao, Y.-M., & Kenney, N. J. (2006). I am a woman and I'm pregnant: Body image of women in Taiwan during the third trimester of pregnancy. Birth, 33(2), 147-153.
- Chang, T., Llanes, M., Gold, K. J., & Fetters, M. D. (2013). Perspectives about and approaches to weight gain in pregnancy: A qualitative study of physicians and nurse midwives. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13, 47-53.
- Chou, F.-H., Lin, L.-L., Cooney, A. T., Walker, L. O., & Riggs, M. W. (2003). Psychosocial factors related to nausea, vomiting, and fatigue in early pregnancy. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(2), 119-125.
- Clark, A., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S., J., & Milgrom, J. (2009). The relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction across pregnancy and the postpartum: A prospective study. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 27-35.
- Coker, E. L., Mitchell-Wong, L., & Abraham, S. F. (2013). Is pregnancy a trigger for recovery from an eating disorder? Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 92(12), 1407-1413.
- Colarusso, C. A. (1990). The third individuation. The effect of biological parenthood on separation-individuation processes in adulthood. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 45, 179-194.
- Conti, J., Abraham, S., & Taylor, A. (1998). Eating behavior and pregnancy outcome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 44(3-4), 465-477.
- Crow, S. J., Agras, W. S., Crosby, R., Halmi, K., & Mitchell, J. E. (2008). Eating disorder symptoms in pregnancy: A prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41(3), 277-279.
- Davies, K., & Wardle, J. (1994) Body image and dieting in pregnancy. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(8), 787–799.
- Delos-Santos, D. A. (2005). The experience of pregnancy and the development of maternal identity in women recovering from bulimia nervosa. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(9-B), (US: University Microfilms International).
- de Jersey, S. J., Nicholson, J. M., Callaway, L. K., & Daniels, L. A. (2012). A prospective study of pregnancy weight gain in Australian women. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 52(6), 545-551.
- Dietz, P. M., Callaghan, W. M., Smith, R., & Sharma, A. J. (2009). Low pregnancy weight gain and small for gestational age: A comparison of the association using 3 different measures of small for gestational age. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 201(1), 53.e1-55.e7.
- DiPietro, J. A, Millet, S, & Costigan, K. A., Gurewitsch, E., & Caulfield, L. E. (2003). Psychosocial influences on weight gain attitudes and behaviors during pregnancy. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 103(10), 1314-1319.
- Down, D. S., DiNallo, J. M., & Kirner, T. L., (2008). Determinants of pregnancy and postpartum depression: prospective influences of depressive symptoms, body image satisfaction, and exercise behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(1), 54-63.
- Duncombe, D., Wertheim, E. H., Skouteris, H., Paxton, S. J., & Kelly, L. (2008). How well do women adapt to changes in their body size and shape across the course of pregnancy? Journal of Health Psychology, 13(4), 503-515.
- Easter, A., Treasure, J., & Micali, N. (2011). Fertility and prenatal attitudes towards pregnancy in women with eating disorders: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 118(12), 1491-1498.
- Fairburn, C. G., & Welch, S. L. (1990). The impact of pregnancy on eating habits and attitudes to shape and weight. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9(2), 153-160.
- Ferrari, R. M., & Siega-Riz, A. M. (2013). Provider advice about pregnancy weight gain and adequacy of weight gain. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(2), 256-264.
- Foster, S. F., Slade, P., & Wilson, K. (1996). Body image, maternal fetal attachment, and breast feeding. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41(2), 181-184.
- Fox, P., & Yamaguchi, C. (1997). Body image change in pregnancy: A comparison of normal weight and overweight primigravidas. Birth, 24(1), 35-40.
- Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Skouteris, H., Watson, B. E., & Hill, B. (2012). Body dissatisfaction during pregnancy: A systematic review of cross-sectional and prospective correlates. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(11), 1411-1421.
- Gjerdingen, D., Fontaine, P., Crow, S., McGovern P., & Miner, M. (2009). Predictors of mother’ postpartum body dissatisfaction. Women & Health, 49(6-7), 491-504.
- Goodwin, A., Astbury, J., & McMeeken, J. (2000). Body image and psychological well-being in pregnancy. A comparison of exercisers and non-exercisers. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 40(4), 442-447.
- Haedt, A., & Keel, P. (2007). Maternal attachment, depression, and body dissatisfaction in pregnant women. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 25(4), 285-295.
- Han, Z., Lutsiv, O., Mulla, S., Rosen, A., Beyene, J., & McDonald, S. D. (2011). Low gestational weight gain and the risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 90(9), 935-954.
- Hill, B., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2013). Body image and gestational weight gain: A prospective study. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 58(2), 189-194.
- Hubin-Gayte, M., & Squires, C. (2010). Étude de l’impact de la grossesse sur les comportements alimentaires à travers l’utilisation du questionnaire SCOFF. L’Évolution psychiatrique, 77(2), 201-212.
- Hubin-Gayte, M., Squires, C., Doncieux, K., & Sajko, A. (2008). De l’intérêt d’une prévention des troubles des conduites alimentaires chez les femmes enceintes. L’information psychiatrique, 84(8), 725-731.
- Institute of Medicine and National Research Council (2009). Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- Johnston-Robledo, I., & Fred, V. (2008). Self-objectification and lower income pregnant women's breastfeeding attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(1), 1-21.
- Kamysheva, E., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Examination of a multi-factorial model of body-related experiences during pregnancy: The relationships among physical symptoms, sleep quality, depression, self-esteem, and negative body attitudes. Body Image, 5(2), 152-163.
- Knoph Berg, C., Torgersen, L., Von Holle, A., Hamer, R. M., Bulik, C. M., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2011). Factors associated with binge eating disorder in pregnancy. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(2), 124-133.
- Koubaa, S, Hällström, T., & Hirschberg, A. L., (2008). Early maternal adjustment in women with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41(5), 405-410.
- Kraschnewski, J. L., & Chuang, C. H. (2014). "Eating for two": Excessive gestational weight gain and the need to change social norms. Women’s Health Issues, 24(3), e257-e259.
- Lacey, J. H., & Smith, G. (1987). Bulimia nervosa: The impact of pregnancy on mother and baby. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 777-781.
- Lai, B. P.-y., Tang, C. S.-k., & Tse, W. K.-l. (2006). A longitudinal study investigating disordered eating during the transition to motherhood among Chinese women in Hong Kong. InternationalJournal of Eating Disorders, 39(4), 303-311.
- Loth, A. K., Bauer, W. K., Wall, M., Berge, J., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Body satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image, 8(3), 297-300.
- Mazzeo, S. E., Slof-Op’t Landt, M. C. T., Jones, I., Mitchell, K., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., et al. (2006). Associations among postpartum depression, eating disorders, and perfectionism in a population-based sample of adult women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(3), 202-211.
- Montgomery, K. S., Best, M., Aniello, T. B., Philipps, J., & Hatmaker-Flanigan, E. (2012). Postpartum weight loss: struggles, eating, exercise, and breast-feeding. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 31(2), 129-138.
- Nash, M. (2012). Weighty matters: Negotiating "fatness" and "in-betweenness" in early pregnancy. Feminism & Psychology, 22(3), 307-323.
- Nunes M. A, Pinheiro A. P., Hoffmann J. F, & Schmidt, M. I. (2014). Eating disorders symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective study in a disadvantaged population in Brazil. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(4), 426-430.
- Oteng-Ntim, E., Pheasant, H., Khazaezadeh, N., Mohidden, A., Bewley, S., Wong, J., et al. (2010). Developing a community-based maternal obesity intervention: A qualitative study of service providers' views. BJOG: An InternationalJournal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 117(13), 1651-1655.
- Park, S., Sappenfield, W. M., Bish, C., Salihu, H., Goodman, D., & Bensyl, D. M. (2011). Assessment of the institute of medicine recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy: Florida, 2004-2007. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(3), 289-301.
- Rallis, S., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2007). Predictors of body image during the first year postpartum: A prospective study. Women & Health, 45(1), 87-104.
- Raphael-Leff, J. (2009). The psychological processes of childbearing. 4th edition. London : Anna Freud Centre.
- Rauff, E. L., & Down, D. S. (2011). Mediating effects of body image satisfaction on exercise behavior, depressive symptoms, and gestational weight gain in pregnancy. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 42(3), 381-390.
- Richerson, P. (1990). Women’s experience of body change during normal pregnancy. Maternal Child Nursing Journal, 19(2), 93-111.
- Rocco, P. L., Orbitello, B., Perini, L., Pera, V., Ciano, R. P., & Balestrieri, M. (2005). Effects of pregnancy on eating attitudes and disorders: A prospective study. Journal of Psychosomatics Research, 59(3), 175–179.
- Sato, Y., Nakanishi, T., Chiba, T., Yokotani, K., Ishinaga, K., Takimoto, H., et al. (2013). Prevalence of inappropriate dietary supplement use among pregnant women in Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 22(1), 83-89.
- Schack-Nielsen, L., Michaelsen, K. F., Gamborg, M., Mortensen, E. L., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2010). Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring body mass index and obesity from infancy through adulthood. International Journal of Obesity, 34(1), 67-74.
- Sen, S., Carpenter, A. H., Hochstadt, J., Huddleston, J. Y., Kustanovich, V., Reynolds, A. A., et al. (2012). Nutrition, weight gain and eating behavior in pregnancy: A review of experimental evidence for long-term effects on the risk of obesity in offspring. Physiology & Behavior, 107(1), 138-145.
- Siega-Riz, A. M., Adair, L. S., & Hobel, C. J. (1996). Maternal underweight status and inadequate rate of weight gain during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery. The Journal of Nutrition, 126(1), 146-153.
- Siega-Riz, A. M., Viswanathan, M., Moos, M.-K., Deierlein, A., Mumford, S., Knaack, J., et al. (2009). A systematic review of outcomes of maternal weight gain according to the Institute of medicine recommendations: Birthweight, fetal growth, and postpartum weight retention. American Journal of Obstetreics and Gynecology, 201(4), 339.e1-343.e14.
- Silveira, M. L., Ertel K. A., Dole, N., & Chasan-Taber, L. (2015). The role of body image in prenatal and postpartum depression: a critical review of the literature. Archives of Women’s Mental Health,18(3), 409-421.
- Skouteris, H., Carr, R., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., & Duncombe, D. (2005). A prospective study of factors that lead to body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image,2(4), 347–361.
- Soares, R. M., Nunes, M. A., Schmidt, M. I., Giacomello, A., Manzolli, P., Camey, S., et al. (2009). Inappropriate eating behaviours during pregnancy: Prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending primary care in southern Brazil. International Journal of Eating Disorder, 42(5), 387-393.
- Stein, A., & Fairburn, C. G. (1996). Eating habits and attitudes in the postpartum period. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58(4), 321-325.
- Stitt, N., & Reupert, A. (2014). Mothers with an eating disorder: "Food comes before anything". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(6), 509-517.
- Stotland, N. E., Gilbert, P., Bogetz, A., Harper, C. C., Abrams, B., & Gerbert, B., (2010). Preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy: How do prenatal care providers approach counseling? Journal of Women’s Health,19(4), 807-814.
- Stotland, N. E., Hopkins, L. M., & Caughey, A. B. (2004). Gestational weight gain, macrosomia, and risk of cesaren birth in nondiabetic nulliparas. Obstetrics and Gynecology,104, 671-677.
- Swann, R. A., Von Holle, A., Torgensen, L., Gendall, K., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Bulik, C. M. (2009). Attitudes toward weight gain during pregnancy: Results from the norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa). International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42(5), 394-401.
- Sweeney, A. C., & Fingerhut, R. (2013). Examining relationships between body dissatisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and postpartum depression symptoms. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 42(5), 551-561.
- Szwajcer, E. M., Hiddink, G. J., Koelen, M. A., & van Woerkum, C. M. J. (2007). Nutrition awareness and pregnancy: implications for the life course perspective. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 135(1), 58–64.
- Tierney, S., Fox, J. R. E., Butterfield, C., Stringer, E., & Furber, C. (2010). Treading the tightrope between motherhood and an eating disorder: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(10), 1223-1233.
- Tierney, S., McGlone, C., & Furber, C. (2013). What can qualitative studies tell us about the experiences of women who are pregnant that have an eating disorder? Midwifery, 29(5), 542-549.
- Torgersen, L., Ystrom, E., Haugen, M., Meltzer, H. M., Von Holle, A., Berg, C. K., et al. (2010). Breastfeeding practice in mothers with eating disorders. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 6(3), 243-252.