Résumés
Abstract
Perhaps the most interesting – and controversial – aspect of Hans Zimmer’s Remote Control Productions is the collaborative workflow that many of the film scores that pass through the Santa Monica studio are produced under. While Zimmer and business partner Steven Kofsky have taken great pains in interviews to emphasize the independence of composers working at the Santa Monica studio – Kofsky has said that “these composers are independent, have their own businesses, and secure their own movies” – the reality is one of frequent collaboration. The website for the studio’s parent company – a joint venture between Zimmer, Kofsky, and Lorne Balfe – advertises that “clients have access to over a dozen composers and music editors;” composer collaboration is clearly a prime selling point of Zimmer’s business.
An important side-effect of this process is that it has often become difficult – if not impossible – for scholars and enthusiasts to determine the authorship of individual cues within scores. It is not uncommon for as many as five composers – including some of the more prominent names at the studio – to be credited as providing additional music or filling other roles in the music department. This article examines the collaborative process practiced at Zimmer’s Remote Control Productions, and how it challenges traditional notions of authorship in relation to the Hollywood film score.
Keywords:
- collaboration,
- authorship,
- workflow,
- Remote Control
Résumé
L’aspect le plus intéressant et le plus controversé des Remote Control Productions de Hans Zimmer est peut-être le processus créateur collaboratif grâce auquel sont produites la plupart des partitions du studio de Santa Monica. Alors que Zimmer et son associé, Steven Kofsky, se sont démenés en entretien pour mettre l’accent sur l’indépendance des compositeurs oeuvrant au studio de Santa Monica – Kofsky a déclaré que « ces compositeurs sont indépendants, ont leur propre entreprise et décrochent leurs propres films » –, la réalité dépeint une collaboration fréquente. Le site web de la maison mère du studio – une société commune à Zimmer, Kofsky et Lorne Balfe – annonce que « les clients ont accès à plus d’une douzaine de compositeurs et de monteurs musique », la collaboration entre compositeurs est clairement un argument de vente majeur pour la compagnie de Zimmer.
Une contrepartie importante de ce processus est qu’il est souvent devenu difficile, voire impossible, pour les chercheurs et les passionnés de musique de déterminer la paternité des cues individuels au sein des partitions. Il n’est pas rare qu’un groupe comprenant jusqu’à cinq compositeurs – où figurent certains des noms les plus importants du studio – soit crédité comme compositeurs de musiques supplémentaires ou remplissant d’autres rôles dans le département musique. Cet article examine le processus de collaboration mis en oeuvre au studio Remote Control Productions de Zimmer et étudie comment il remet en cause les notions traditionnelles d’auctorialité et de paternité en lien avec les partitions de musiques de film hollywoodiennes.
Mots-clés :
- collaboration,
- auctorialité,
- processus créateur,
- Remote Control
Parties annexes
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