Résumés
Abstract
This literature review addresses the main effects and challenges in using information and communication technologies (ICT) in medical education and practice. The first challenge is to better prepare future physicians for the changing behaviours of patients, who are increasingly Internet-savvy and who sometimes appear to know more about their diseases than their physicians. The second challenge, which is closely linked to the first, is to raise awareness among physicians in training of the many benefits of using ICT to improve not only the quality of interventions and health care delivery but, from a broader perspective, the organization of the health care system itself. The third challenge is to motivate medical students and practitioners to use ICT to find information, learn and develop. It is proposed that information literacy should be a mandatory skill for all medical students. The e-learning mode of training is also addressed. Although underemployed in most medical faculties, it represents the future of initial and continuous medical training. Virtual resources and communities, simulations and 3D animations are also discussed. The fourth and final challenge is to change medical teaching practices.
Keywords:
- medical education,
- technology,
- information and communication technology,
- medical practice
Résumé
Cette revue de la littérature présente les principaux impacts et défis engendrés par les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) sur l’éducation médicale et la pratique de la médecine. Le premier défi est celui de mieux préparer les futurs médecins à l’évolution du comportement des patients qui sont de plus en plus branchés et qui, parfois, semblent mieux informés sur leur maladie que ne l’est le praticien. Le deuxième défi, intimement lié au premier, est celui de sensibiliser les futurs praticiens aux nombreux avantages que comportent les TIC pour la qualité des interventions et des soins fournis aux patients mais également, à un niveau plus large, pour l’organisation du système des soins de santé. Amener les futurs médecins à faire usage des TIC pour s’informer, apprendre et se perfectionner constitue le troisième défi présenté. La compétence informationnelle est notamment mise de l’avant comme une habileté devant impérativement faire partie de la formation de tout médecin. La question du e-learning est également abordée puisque ce mode d’enseignement, encore trop peu répandu dans bon nombre de facultés de médecine, constitue l’avenir de la formation médicale initiale ou continue. Les ressources et les communautés virtuelles, les simulateurs et l’animation 3D sont également évoqués. Changer les pratiques en pédagogie médicale constitue le quatrième et dernier défi relevé dans la littérature scientifique.
Mots-clés:
- pédagogie médicale,
- technologie,
- TIC,
- pratique médicale
Parties annexes
References
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