Résumés
Résumé
En mars 2020, les adolescents du Québec, au Canada, ont soudainement été confrontés à un défi en rapport à la manière dont leur activité d'apprentissage était médiatisée suite à la fermeture des écoles en raison de la pandémie de la COVID-19. Les études rapportant les effets des catastrophes humaines et du confinement chez les jeunes sont limitées. Cette étude identifie les tensions vécues par 1057 adolescents dans la redéfinition de leur rapport à la vie familiale, à l'apprentissage et à l'école : outils de médiation à leurs activités d'apprentissage, redéfinition spatio-temporelle de leurs activités, modification des relations avec les adultes significatifs pour eux. Deux cadres théoriques sont combinés : le modèle des sphères d'influence superposées et la théorie de l'activité historico-culturelle. Un questionnaire en ligne a été créé sur un logiciel d'enquête logiciel libre. Les résultats présentent les caractéristiques démographiques des adolescents participants et de leur famille, leur état d'esprit général et les ajustements des routines quotidiennes à l'école et à la maison, et leurs perceptions quant à leurs relations avec leurs pairs, leurs enseignants et le soutien de leurs parents. Les résultats mettent en évidence les tensions liées à la perte dans les systèmes d'activité des adolescents, leur activité scolaire étant remise en cause par la pandémie, et proposent des pistes pour mettre en place une zone limite pour soutenir l'adolescent.
Mots-clés :
- adolescents,
- franchissement de limites,
- théorie de l’activité historico-culturelle,
- école,
- famille,
- tensions
Abstract
In March 2020, teenagers in Quebec, Canada suddenly faced with a challenge related to the way their learning activity was mediated following the closure of schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies reporting the effects of human disasters and confinement in young people are limited. This study identifies the tensions experienced by 1057 adolescents as they redefine their relationship to family life, learning and school: mediation tools to their learning activities, spatio-temporal redefinition of their activities, modification of relationships with significant adults for them. Two theoretical frameworks are combined: the overlapping spheres of influence model and cultural historical activity theory. A questionnaire was sent online on an opensource survey software. The results present the demographic characteristics of the adolescents’ participants and their family, their general state of mind and daily routines adjustments at school and at home, and their perceptions with regards to their relations to their peers, teachers and their parents’ support. Findings pinpoint the tensions related to loss in the activity systems of adolescents as their school activity is challenged by the pandemic and proposes avenues to put in place a boundary zone to support the adolescent.
Keywords:
- adolescents,
- boundary crossing,
- cultural historical activity theory,
- school,
- family,
- tensions
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Anderson, A.R., Christenson, S.L., Sinclair, M.F., & Lehr, C.A. (2004). Check & Connect: The importance of relationships for promoting engagement with school. Journal of School Psychology, 42, 95-113.
- Barma, S., Laferrière, T., Lemieux, B., Massé-Morneau, J., & Vincent, M. C. (2017). Early stages in building hybrid activity between school and work: the case of PénArt. Journal of Education and Work, 30(6), 669-687.
- Bartlett, J. et al. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Retrieved on July 3, 2020 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.486.8295&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
- Barton, A.W., Brody, G.H., Yu, T., Kogan, S.M., Chen, E., & Ehrlich, K.B. (2019). The profundity of the everyday: Family routines in adolescence predict development in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64, 340-346.
- Boudreau, E. (2020). Supporting teenagers in a pandemic. Usable knowledge. Relevant research for today’s educators. https://www.gse.harvard.edu
- CEFRIO (2019). The digital family. NETendances 2019. https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/education/publications-adm/SCF/netendances_2019_fascicule_famille_numerique.pdf?1592330158
- Choudhury, S., Blakemore, S.J., & Charman, T. (2006). Social cognitive development during adolescence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1, 165-174.
- Comer, J.S., Fan, B., Duarte, C.S., Wu, P., Musa, G.J., Mandell, D.J.,…Hoven, C.W. (2010). Attack-related life disruption and child psychopathology in New York city public schoolchildren 6-months post-9/11. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 460-469.
- Davis, K.S. & Dupper, D.R. (2004). Student-Teacher relationships. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 9(1-2), 179-193.
- Deslandes, R. (1996). School-Family Collaboration: The Influence of Parenting Style and Parental Involvement on High School Success. (Doctoral thesis). Laval University, Canada.
- Deslandes, R. (2020). School-Family-Community Collaborations. Retrospective on what has been done and what has been learned. Volume 1. School-Family Relations. URL: https://f1dfdbec-27a5-47d5-b7a8-627874ff492f.filesusr.com/ugd/791c53_e4778c1a904242b59bb51e744b754a8a.pdf
- Doré-Côté, A. (2007). Relationship between the teacher’s interpersonal communication style, the caring relationship, the student’s commitment and the risk of dropping out of school in Secondary 3 students. Doctoral thesis. Quebec University at Trois-Rivières, Canada.
- Engeström, Y. (2015). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Royaume-Uni: Cambridge University Press.
- Engeström, Y. & Sannino, A. (2013). Volition and transformative agency: theoretical perspective on activity. Revue internationale du CRIRES: Innover dans la tradition de Vygostsky, p.8
- Hawryluck, L., Gold, W.L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S. & Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212.
- Liang, X. (2011). An analysis of the nature of classroom activities: A comparative study of an immersion English class and a non-immersion English class in the mainland of China. Frontiers of Education in China, 6(2), 310-330.
- Meeus, W. (2016). Adolescent psychosocial development: A review of longitudinal models and research. Developmental Psychology, 52(12), 1969-1993.
- Quebec Health Survey of High School Students 2016-2017, Tome 2 and 3. https://www.qhshss.stat.gouv.qc.ca/.
- Roorda, D.L., Jorgensen, T.D., & Koomen, H.M.Y. (2019). Different teachers, different relationships? Student-teacher relationships and engagement in secondary education. Learning and Individual Differences, 75, 1-12.
- Scales, P.C., Pekel, K., Sethi, J., Chamberlain, R. & Van Boekel, M. (2020). Academic year changes in student-teacher developmental relationships and their linkage to middle and high school students’ motivation: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Early Adolescence, 40(4), 499-536.
- Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 7(1), 105-110.
- Stark, E. (2019). Examining the role of motivation and learning strategies in student success in online versus face-to-face courses. Online Learning, 23(3), 234-251.
- Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Tang, W., Lu, Y., & Xu, J. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescent earthquake victims: comorbidity and associated sleep-disturbing factors. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53, 1241-1251.
- Tobbell, J., & O’Donnell, V.L. (2013). The formation of interpersonal and learning relationships in the transition from primary to secondary school: Students, teachers and school context. International Journal of Educational Research, 59, 11-23.
- Turley, C., & Graham, C. (2019). Interaction, student satisfaction, and teacher time investment in online high school courses. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5(2), 169-198.
- Yu, M.V.B., Johnson, H.E., Deutsch, N.L. & Varga, S.M. (2018). “She calls me by my last name”: Exploring adolescent perceptions of positive teacher-student relationships. Journal of Adolescent Research, 33(3), 332-362.