Résumés
Résumé
Cet article rend compte d’une revue de la littérature sur la rétroaction par les pairs au regard des conditions qui optimisent et celles qui réduisent son apport à l’apprentissage des étudiantes et des étudiants, qu’iels soient émetteur·trices ou récepteur·trices d’une rétroaction. Les cadres conceptuels adoptés pour cette forme de participation de l’étudiant·e ainsi que les effets repérés sont présentés. Les conditions retracées sont regroupées sous trois composantes de l’activité de rétroaction par les pairs, soit l’intervention de l’enseignante ou de l’enseignant, les interactions entre pairs et la réflexion dans l’action et sur l’action au sein de la classe. Elles forment le cadre pratique de l’activité de rétroaction par les pairs en contexte de classe, incluant les cours à distance. Ce cadre pratique propose ainsi une façon de faire et des éléments à prendre en compte lorsque l’on veut engager les apprenantes et les apprenants de différents niveaux dans cette activité. Au terme, cette revue de la littérature permet de mieux comprendre les apports d’une activité de rétroaction par les pairs réussie, tant pour les étudiant·es qui y participent que pour l’enseignant·e qui les accompagne.
Mots-clés :
- apprentissage par les pairs,
- rétroaction par les pairs,
- évaluation par les pairs,
- notation par les pairs
Abstract
This article reports on a review of the literature on peer feedback regarding the conditions that optimize and those that reduce its contribution to student learning, whether the student is the sender or receiver of feedback. The conceptual frameworks adopted for this form of student participation and identified effects are presented. The conditions outlined are grouped under three components of the peer feedback activity: teacher intervention, peer interaction, and reflection in and on action within the classroom. They form the practical framework for peer feedback activity in a classroom context, including distance education courses. This practical framework thus suggests ways of doing things and elements to consider when engaging learners of different levels in this activity. In the end, this literature review provides a better understanding of the contributions of a successful peer feedback activity, both for the students who participate and for the teacher who accompanies them.
Keywords:
- peer learning,
- peer feedback,
- peer evaluation,
- peer feedback training,
- peer assessment
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Parties annexes
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