Résumés
Abstract
Objective indicators, such as minority hiring rates or number of complaints, often fail to fully represent actual discrimination in hiring processes, particularly against racial and ethnic minorities (McGonagle et al., 2016). Despite legal efforts in Quebec to increase employment of minorities, their ongoing underrepresentation points to the need to examine discrimination in terms of perceived experiences. In line with Anderson (2011), we investigated perceived discrimination in hiring (PDH), its predictors and its effect on the intention to file a discrimination complaint, rather than solely considering actual complaints. Using a quasi-experimental design, we simulated a fictitious hiring process with 361 students from French-speaking Canadian universities. First, we confirmed the three dimensions of the recently developed PDH scale: differential treatment; breach of psychological contract; and non-competency-based assessment (Haeck-Pelletier, 2022). Second, using structural equation modelling (SEM), we found mediation effects: PDH scores were higher across all dimensions when a candidate belonged to a minority group, received a negative hiring decision or did not receive feedback on test results. However, only differential treatment predicted a candidate’s intention to file a complaint. In addition to this first empirical test of Anderson’s model, the results suggest that organizations should address perceptions of unfair treatment due to minority group membership by identifying and modifying the practices that contribute to them. The eventual outcome would be a more representative workforce.
Keywords:
- discrimination,
- hiring,
- feedback,
- minority group,
- perception,
- decision
Résumé
Des lois canadiennes et québécoises offrent une protection contre la discrimination. Pourtant, le nombre de plaintes à l'embauche déposées par des membres de groupes minoritaires (ex. minorités visibles ou ethniques) ne cesse d'augmenter au fil des ans (Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, 2022). Afin de mieux comprendre comment l'intention de poursuivre une organisation pour discrimination naît au cours d'un processus d'embauche et afin d'aider les organisations à prévenir cette situation, Anderson (2011) suggère de se concentrer sur ce qui pourrait affecter la perception de la discrimination à l'embauche (PDE) plutôt que de se concentrer uniquement sur les preuves objectives de discrimination (ex. différences dans les taux d'embauche en fonction de l'appartenance à un groupe). À l'aide d'une nouvelle échelle de PDE tridimensionnelle (c.-à-d. traitement différentiel, rupture de contrat psychologique et évaluation non fondée sur les compétences requises pour le poste, Haeck-Pelletier, 2022), cette étude fournit le premier test empirique du modèle d'Anderson (2011). Cette étude a été menée auprès de 361 étudiants d'universités canadiennes francophones qui ont participé à une procédure de sélection fictive basée sur un design quasi-expérimental. Après avoir validé la structure factorielle de l'échelle PDE par des analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC), les résultats d’équations structurelles montrent que les trois variables indépendantes sont associées à une PDH plus élevée. Plus précisément, le fait d'appartenir à un groupe minoritaire légalement protégé, de faire l'objet d'une décision d'embauche négative et de ne pas recevoir de retour sur cette décision augmente la PDE. En outre, seul la dimension Traitement différentiel de la PDE prédit l’intention de déposer une plainte. Les implications théoriques ainsi que les variables à ajouter lors d’une prochaine vérification du modèle sont proposées. Les implications pratiques pour les organisations visant à améliorer leurs pratiques d'embauche sont également mises en évidence.
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
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