Résumés
Précis
Le présent article soutient que la rétention du personnel demeure une priorité essentielle pour de nombreux employeurs, même si ces derniers deviennent de moins en moins enclins à offrir des emplois stables. La recherche a montré que, face à cette précarité croissante de l’emploi, les travailleurs adoptent des stratégies individuelles de progression professionnelle axées sur la mobilité entre entreprises, lesquelles viennent renforcer les inquiétudes des employeurs en ce qui concerne le roulement du personnel. Cet article défend l’importance pour les chercheurs en relations industrielles d’étudier de plus près les pratiques organisationnelles qui restreignent la mobilité des employés, c’est-à-dire les « stratégies de capture des travailleurs ». Celles-ci se distinguent des autres pratiques en matière de mobilité du fait qu’elles sont unilatérales et qu’elles visent une réduction du roulement du personnel sans nécessairement chercher à favoriser un sentiment d’engagement ou de loyauté chez les employés.
Résumé
La littérature sur le travail précaire s’est jusqu’ici concentrée sur la fréquence accrue des licenciements et des mises à pied, ainsi que sur la transformation du rapport salarial au cours des dernières décennies. Cet article soutient toutefois que la rétention des employés reste une priorité essentielle pour de nombreux employeurs, même si ceux-ci offrent de moins en moins d’emplois stables. La recherche a montré que, face à cette insécurité croissante, les travailleurs adoptent des stratégies individuelles de progression professionnelle axées sur leur mobilité entre entreprises, lesquelles viennent renforcer les inquiétudes des employeurs en ce qui concerne le roulement du personnel.
Cet article passe donc d’abord en revue l’état de la littérature sur les pratiques organisationnelles qui répondent à ces préoccupations des employeurs en matière de rétention du personnel. Il défend ensuite l’importance pour les chercheurs d’étudier de plus près les pratiques organisationnelles qui restreignent la mobilité, nommées ici « stratégies de capture des travailleurs ». Ces stratégies se traduisent notamment par des clauses de non-concurrence et de non-sollicitation dans les contrats de travail, par des accords de non-débauchage entre entreprises et par des clauses « TRAP ». Ces pratiques en matière de mobilité se distinguent par le fait qu’elles semblent profiter unilatéralement aux employeurs et qu’elles visent une réduction du roulement du personnel sans nécessairement chercher à favoriser un sentiment d’engagement ou de loyauté chez les employés.
Mots-clés :
- Insécurité d’emploi,
- flexibilité du travail,
- carrière,
- roulement du personnel,
- rétention du personnel,
- clause de non-concurrence
Parties annexes
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