Résumés
Abstract
We examined how home-based teleworkers perceived managerial control in an Italian context in order to gain insight into some of the organizational changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on studies of changes to managerial control over the past few decades, we show how workers have experienced the reconfiguration and hybridization of control practices and methods in home telework. Our results cast doubt on the widely held belief that telework is revolutionizing managerial control and work procedures. Organizational and power dynamics at work are key to determining how telework affects employee experiences.
Summary
We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour relations, specifically by examining how teleworkers perceived control within various occupations in an Italian context. Telework has long been touted as having the power to displace traditional managerial control structures in favour of less hierarchical forms of supervision. However, scholars are still divided over whether it promotes greater employee autonomy or, on the contrary, results in greater managerial control. Research has frequently been influenced by specific circumstances. In earlier decades, the low prevalence of telework encouraged neither thorough research nor the ability to compare various organizational structures. Additionally, there has been a long-standing tendency to treat teleworkers as a homogeneous group, with little regard for within-group differences. Disparities among workers and among organizations can lead to inconsistent results.
Our study was conducted mainly during the first waves of the pandemic in Italy, with a view to understanding if, how, to what extent and on what basis telework modifies managerial control processes and systems. We looked at how workers experienced managerial control in various occupations that differ in organizational form and managerial culture.
In line with Storey’s (1985) concept of “layers of control” and, more generally, with studies on transformations of managerial control in labour processes, we argue that the emergency restructuring due to home telework caused a transfer of organizational conditions, these being a combination of existing methods, standards and forms of control. Our findings show how employees dealt with the hybridization, overlapping and differentiation of various forms of control during a time of widespread telework. In this way, we cast doubt on the simplistic association between telework and reduction of control, as well as on the potential of telework to bring fundamental change to organizational processes.
Keywords:
- telework,
- managerial control,
- pandemic,
- worker’s experiences
Résumé
Cet article étudie les changements dans les relations de travail provoqués par la pandémie de Covid 19 par l’examen des perceptions de contrôle des télétravailleurs dans diverses professions en Italie. Le télétravail a longtemps été présenté comme ayant le pouvoir de déplacer les structures traditionnelles de contrôle managérial en faveur de formes de supervision moins hiérarchiques. Cependant, les chercheurs sont toujours divisés sur la question : le télétravail favorise-t-il une plus grande autonomie des employés ou, au contraire, s'il entraîne un plus grand contrôle de la part des managers? La faible prévalence du télétravail au cours des dernières décennies n'a pas favorisé les recherches approfondies et la capacité à comparer différentes structures organisationnelles. En outre, il existe une tendance de longue date à traiter les télétravailleurs comme un groupe homogène, en accordant peu d'attention aux différences internes. La recherche critique, quant à elle, a démontré comment les disparités entre les travailleurs et les organisations peuvent être liées à des résultats d'étude incohérents.
Cet article est basé sur les résultats empiriques d'une recherche qualitative menée principalement au cours des premières vagues de la pandémie en Italie, visant à comprendre si, comment, dans quelle mesure et sur quelle base le télétravail modifie les processus et les régimes de contrôle managérial. Nous avons étudié la manière dont le contrôle managérial était vécu par les travailleurs dans différentes professions, qui reflétaient différentes formes d'organisation et cultures managériales.
Dans la lignée théorique de la notion de "couches de contrôle" de Storey (1985) et, plus généralement, des études sur les transformations du contrôle managérial dans les processus de travail, l'article affirme que la restructuration d'urgence par le biais du télétravail à domicile implique un transfert des conditions organisationnelles par le biais d'une combinaison de méthodes, de normes et de formes de contrôle existantes. Les résultats empiriques illustrent la manière dont les employés ont géré l'hybridation, le chevauchement et la différenciation de diverses formes de contrôle dans le contexte du télétravail généralisé. Nous remettons ainsi en question l'association simpliste entre le télétravail et la réduction du contrôle, ainsi que le potentiel du télétravail à modifier fondamentalement les processus organisationnels.
Mots-Clefs:
- télétravail,
- contrôle managérial,
- pandémie,
- expériences des travailleurs
Parties annexes
References
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