Résumés
Abstract
It is generally accepted that employment regulation offers mechanisms to generate orderly economic growth as well as provide for the protection of workers. Both these efficiency and equity arguments particularly pertain to developing country contexts. The evolution and impact of employment law and industrial relations institutions in large developing countries is of growing interest to western scholars, but small developing countries have been ignored. This lack of research inhibits understanding of the political economy of employment regulation in developing country contexts.
This article explores developments in labour regulation in three small developing countries in the South Pacific—Nauru, Tonga, and Papua New Guinea—that have been impacted by globalization and international labour regulation in different ways. The comparative research adopts a stakeholder analysis approach based on programs of qualitative interviews and documentary analysis.
The paper identifies a number of structural and agency constraints on the development and effective implementation of employment regulatory systems that primarily reflect political factors. These include disorganized employment relations, under-developed civil society institutions, concentration of power networks, the under-resourcing and compartmentalization of state institutions and a broader context of political change and instability. These factors, which are related to country size as well as stage of development, subvert the introduction, implementation and review of employment regulation even where efficiency and equity arguments may be accepted by policymakers. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications and need for future research.
Keywords:
- employment regulation,
- less developed countries,
- Pacific Island Countries,
- Nauru,
- Tonga,
- Papua New Guinea
Résumé
Il est généralement admis que la réglementation de l’emploi offre des mécanismes permettant de générer une croissance économique ordonnée et d’assurer la protection des travailleurs. Ces arguments d’efficacité et d’équité concernent particulièrement les contextes des pays en voie de développement. L’évolution et l’impact des lois du travail et des institutions des relations industrielles dans les grands pays de ce type intéressent de plus en plus les universitaires occidentaux, mais les petits pays ont été peu étudiés jusqu’à ce jour. Ce manque de recherche empêche de comprendre l’économie politique de la réglementation de l’emploi dans l’ensemble des pays en voie de développement.
Cet article explore les évolutions de la réglementation du travail dans trois petits pays en voie de développement du Pacifique Sud — Nauru, Tonga et Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée —, pays qui ont été touché par la mondialisation et la réglementation internationale du travail de diverses manières. Cette recherche comparative adopte une méthodologie basée sur des entretiens qualitatifs et une analyse documentaire.
Notre étude identifie un certain nombre de contraintes structurelles et bureaucratiques affectant le développement et la mise en oeuvre effective de systèmes de réglementation de l’emploi, des contraintes causées principalement par des facteurs politiques. Il s’agit notamment de relations de travail désorganisées, d’institutions de la société civile sous-développées, de concentration des réseaux de pouvoir, d’un manque de ressources et d’une compartimentation des institutions publiques, ainsi que d’un contexte plus large de changements politiques et d’instabilité. Ces facteurs, qui sont liés à la taille des pays et à leur stade de développement, sapent l’introduction, la mise en oeuvre et la révision de la réglementation de l’emploi, même lorsque les arguments d’efficacité et d’équité sont acceptés par les décideurs. L’article se termine par une discussion des implications de notre étude et la nécessité de mener de futures recherches.
Mots-clés:
- réglementation de l’emploi,
- pays en développement,
- pays insulaires,
- Pacifique Sud,
- Nauru,
- Tonga,
- Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
Parties annexes
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