Résumés
Abstract
Recent research in the domain of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has underlined the importance of moving away from an institutional perspective of CSR towards research at the micro-level. Such calls have insisted on the necessity of a developing a deeper, and more nuanced understanding of its impacts and mechanisms at the individual level. This paper addresses this issue by focusing on the nexus between how employees judge their companies’ actual CSR performance and how that judgement can affect individual, micro-level outcomes such as job satisfaction and turnover intentions. We study this by a consideration of how perceived fit between employees and their organization mediates the relationship between perceived corporate social performance (CSP) on the one hand, and job satisfaction and turnover intentions on the other.
While there is a notion, commonly embraced in the literature, that corporate social performance can have beneficial effects on individual employee outcomes, there have not been many empirical studies looking into the mechanisms by which this occurs. Through a survey of 317 young employees from differing company sizes and sectors in Europe and Asia, we find that positive assessment of CSP does not have a direct influence on job satisfaction and turnover intention, but is mediated by person-organization fit. The latter, in turn, has a positive effect on job satisfaction and reduced turnover intention.
The implications of these findings are that the achievement of efficient and effective performance in social and environmental terms reinforces the perception of employees that their values fit with those of the organization. This process then creates value in terms of increased job satisfaction and reduced employee turnover intentions. We note also that simply improving CSP objectively, without involving and raising awareness among employees, will not necessarily lead to improved perceptions of how the employee fits within the organization and the potential positive knock-on employee outcomes.
Keywords:
- corporate social performance,
- corporate social responsibility,
- person-organization fit (PO fit),
- job satisfaction,
- structural equation modelling (SEM),
- turnover intention
Résumé
Des recherches récentes dans le domaine de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) ont souligné l’importance de ne pas se limiter à une perspective purement institutionnelle de la RSE et de se tourner vers le niveau micro. Elles insistent également sur la nécessité de développer une compréhension plus approfondie, ainsi que plus nuancée, des impacts et des mécanismes sur les individus. Notre article prend en compte cet enjeu en s’attardant à l’étude de la relation entre l’appréciation que font les employés de l’actuelle RSE dans le cas de leur propre entreprise et la manière dont cette appréciation peut influer sur des résultats individuels ou de niveau micro, tels la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de quitter ou pas son emploi. Nous abordons cette question en étudiant la façon dont l’adéquation perçue entre les employés et leur organisation induit la relation entre la perception de la performance sociale de l’entreprise (PSE), d’une part, et la satisfaction au travail ou l’intention de quitter son emploi, d’autre part.
Une notion communément reprise dans la littérature soutient que la performance sociale des entreprises peut avoir des effets bénéfiques sur les employés au niveau individuel, cependant peu d’études empiriques se sont penchées sur les mécanismes en cause. Afin de combler cette lacune, nous analysons les données quantitatives d’une enquête menée auprès de 317 jeunes employés oeuvrant dans des entreprises de tailles et de secteurs différents en Europe et en Asie. Nous observons qu’une appréciation positive de la PSE n’exerce pas une influence directe sur la satisfaction au travail ni sur l’intention de démissionner, mais qu’elle influe sur la relation employé-entreprise. Cette dernière, à terme, exerce une influence positive sur ces facteurs, soit la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de demeurer dans son emploi.
Ces résultats montrent qu’une performance efficiente et efficace de l’entreprise en ce qui a trait à ses responsabilités sociales et environnementales renforce la perception de la part des employés qu’il y a adéquation entre leurs valeurs et celles de l’entreprise. Ce processus crée donc de la valeur en augmentant la satisfaction au travail et en diminuant l’intention de quitter l’organisation. Nous avons également noté que le simple fait d’améliorer la PSE d’une manière objective, sans une implication et une conscientisation accrue des employés, ne mènera pas nécessairement à améliorer l’adéquation entre les employés et leur organisation ni aux résultats désirables auxquels on aurait pu s’attendre.
Mots-clés:
- performance sociale de l’entreprise,
- responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise,
- adéquation employé-organisation,
- satisfaction au travail,
- modélisation par équations structurelles,
- intention de démissionner
Resumen
Investigaciones recientes en el campo de la responsabilidad social de la empresa (RSE) han hecho resaltar la importancia de no limitarse a una perspectiva puramente institucional de la RSE y de abordar también el nivel micro. Dichas investigaciones insisten igualmente en la necesidad de desarrollar una comprensión más exhaustiva y perspicaz de sus impactos y mecanismos a nivel individual. Nuestro artículo toma en cuenta este punto crucial abordando el estudio de la relación entre la apreciación que hacen los empleados del real desempeño de la RSE en el caso de su propia empresa y la manera en que esta apreciación puede influenciar los resultados individuales o de micro nivel, tales como la satisfacción del trabajo y la intención de dejar su empleo. Estudiamos esta cuestión a través de la manera cómo la adecuación percibida entre los empleados y su organización actúa como mediador en la relación entre la percepción del desempeño social de la empresa (DSE), de un lado, y la satisfacción del trabajo y la intención de dejar su empleo, del otro lado.
Una noción comúnmente retomada en la literatura sostiene que el desempeño social de las empresas puede tener efectos benéficos sobre los empleados a nivel individual, sin embargo, pocos estudios empíricos han abordado los mecanismos por los cuales esto ocurre. Basándonos en el análisis de los datos cuantitativos de una encuesta llevada a cabo con 317 jóvenes empleados trabajadores de empresas de talla y sector diferentes en Europa y en Asia, constatamos que una apreciación positiva del desempeño social de la empresa (DES) no ejerce una influencia directa sobre la satisfacción del trabajo ni sobre la intención de dejar su empleo, pero está mediado por la relación empleado-empresa. Esta última, a su turno, ejerce una influencia positiva sobre dichos factores, es decir la satisfacción del trabajo y la intención de mantenerse en su empleo.
Estos resultados muestran que un desempeño eficiente y eficaz de la empresa en lo que refiere a sus responsabilidades sociales y ambientales refuerza la percepción de parte de sus empleados respecto a la presencia de adecuación entre sus valores y los valores de la empresa. Este proceso crea entonces un valor aumentando la satisfacción del trabajo y disminuyendo la intención de dejar la organización. Se notó igualmente que el simple hecho de mejorar el DSE de una manera objetiva, sin implicación ni concientización creciente de los empleados, no conducirá necesariamente a mejorar la adecuación entre los empleados y su organización ni a los resultados positivos à nivel individual que se hubiera podido esperar.
Palabras claves:
- rendimiento social de la empresa,
- responsabilidad social de la empresa,
- adecuación empleado-organización,
- satisfacción del trabajo,
- modelización por ecuaciones estructurales,
- intención de dejar su empleo
Parties annexes
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