Résumés
Abstract
Unions in many Canadian jurisdictions are facing policy changes that limit (or attempt to limit) their practices. Despite growing pressure on unions as governments restructure labour policies, there is scant research examining public attitudes towards either unions or labour policies. To what extent does the general public support or oppose these changes to labour policy? What factors drive public opinion about labour policy changes?
This paper uses data from a telephone survey administered after the 2011 Saskatchewan provincial election to explore public attitudes towards labour policy change; specifically, we explore public opinion regarding Saskatchewan essential services legislation and accompanying changes to labour standards. We are particularly interested in the role that symbolic political factors (attitudes towards unions, NDP partisanship), as opposed to self-interest (union membership), play in structuring public opinion when it comes to labour policy. We find that union membership has no discernible impact on attitudes toward the essential services law; what matters much more is one’s attitude toward unions in general, as well as NDP partisanship. However, union membership does influence attitudes towards labour standards, as do attitudes towards unions and NDP partisanship.
Taken together, the results tell us that labour policy attitudes are indeed driven by both self-interest and symbolic political factors. Further, while self-interest does help to explain attitudes towards labour policy, not all union members consider essential services legislation as a direct threat to themselves. The strategic implication for public sector unions is that they cannot necessarily rely on private sector workers and union members to be sympathetic to legislation that affects public sector workplaces. For the Canadian labour movement as a whole, this finding points towards a divergence in the interests of its private sector members and public sector members, and clear limits to worker solidarity.
Keywords:
- labour legislation,
- public opinion,
- public policy attitudes,
- Saskatchewan
Résumé
Dans plusieurs juridictions canadiennes les syndicats font face à des changements de politiques qui limitent (ou tentent de limiter) leurs pratiques. Malgré les pressions croissantes que vivent les syndicats à mesure que les gouvernements restructurent leurs politiques du travail, il y a peu de recherches qui s’intéressent aux attitudes du public envers les syndicats ou les lois du travail. Dans quelle mesure le public en général appuie-t-il ou désapprouve-t-il ces changements aux lois du travail? Quels facteurs influent sur l’opinion publique dans le cas de tels changements?
Cette étude fait appel aux données en provenance d’un sondage téléphonique mené après l’élection provinciale de 2011 en Saskatchewan pour étudier les attitudes du public face aux changements en matière de politique du travail. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous penchons sur l’opinion publique concernant la législation en matière de services essentiels en Saskatchewan, et de certaines normes du travail qui y sont rattachées. Nous sommes particulièrement intéressés dans le rôle que jouent des facteurs politiques symboliques (attitudes envers les syndicats, partisannerie envers le NPD) par opposition à l’intérêt personnel (adhésion à un syndicat) dans la structuration de l’opinion publique quand il s’agit de la politique du travail. Nous observons que l’adhésion à un syndicat n’a pas d’effet perceptible sur les attitudes à l’égard de la loi sur les services essentiels; ce qui importe davantage est l’attitude personnelle envers les syndicats en général ainsi que la partisannerie politique au NPD. Toutefois, ces deux derniers facteurs de même que l’adhésion à un syndicat influent sur les attitudes face aux normes du travail.
L’ensemble de ces résultats révèlent que les attitudes en matière de politique du travail sont en fait entraînées par l’intérêt personnel et les facteurs politiques symboliques. De plus, tandis que l’intérêt personnel aide à expliquer les attitudes envers la politique du travail, ce ne sont pas tous les syndiqués qui voient dans la loi sur les services essentiels une menace directe. L’implication stratégique pour les syndicats du secteur public est à l’effet qu’ils ne peuvent pas nécessairement compter sur les travailleurs du secteur privé et les travailleurs syndiqués pour les appuyer lorsque des changements législatifs affectent les milieux de travail du secteur public. Pour le mouvement syndical canadien dans son ensemble, ce résultat indique une divergence d’intérêts entre ses membres du secteur privé et ceux du secteur public, ce qui constitue un frein clair à la solidarité syndicale.
Mots-clés :
- lois du travail,
- opinion publique,
- attitudes à l’égard des politiques du travail,
- Saskatchewan
Resumen
Los sindicatos de muchas jurisdicciones canadienses se ven confrontados a cambios políticos que limitan (o intentan limitar) sus prácticas. A pesar de la presión creciente ejercida sobre los sindicatos a medida que los gobiernos restructuran las políticas laborales, pocas son las investigaciones que examinan las actitudes publicas hacia sus respectivos sindicatos o respecto a las políticas laborales. ¿Hasta qué punto la opinión publica apoya o rechaza estos cambios en la política laboral? ¿Qué factores influencian la opinión pública sobre los cambios de política laboral?
Este artículo utiliza datos provenientes de una encuesta telefónica administrada después de las elecciones provinciales de Saskatchewan en 2011. El objetivo de este estudio es de explorar las actitudes públicas respecto a los cambios de política laboral, y específicamente, la opinión pública respecto a la legislación de servicios esenciales y los cambios de normas laborales. Un interés particular es puesto en el rol que juegan los factores políticos simbólicos (actitudes respecto a los sindicatos, membrecía del NDP), en oposición al interés propio (miembros del sindicato), en la estructuración de la opinión pública cuando esto toca la política laboral. Los resultados muestran que la membrecía sindical no tiene un impacto discernible sobre las actitudes respecto a la ley sobre los servicios esenciales; lo que importa sobre todo es la actitud respecto a los sindicatos en general, tanto como la membrecía al NDP. Sin embargo la membrecía sindical influencia las actitudes respecto a las normas laborales así como las actitudes sobre los sindicatos y la membrecía del NDP.
Visto de conjunto, los resultados nos indican que las actitudes sobre la política laboral son influenciadas por los intereses propios y los factores políticos simbólicos. Más aún, mientras los intereses propios ayudan a explicar las actitudes respecto a la política laboral, no todos los miembros sindicales consideran la legislación sobre los servicios esenciales como una amenaza directa contra ellos mismos. La implicación estratégica para los sindicatos del sector público es que ellos no pueden contar necesariamente con los trabajadores del sector privado y que los miembros sindicales pueden ser favorables a la legislación que afecta los medios laborales del sector público. Para el movimiento laboral canadiense en su conjunto, este resultado focaliza la divergencia en los intereses de los miembros del privado y los miembros del sector público, y clarifica los límites de la solidaridad entre los trabajadores.
Palabras clave:
- legislación laboral,
- opinión pública,
- actitudes sobre las política públicas,
- Saskatchewan
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
The authors would like to thank Kelton Doraty and Carmen Wiebe for their research assistance on this paper, and Dionne Pohler for her feedback and suggestions.
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